基于放水冲刷草本形态变化对石漠化坡地产流影响研究  

Study on the Impact of Herbaceous Morphological Changes on Runoff Generation in Karst Rocky Desertification Slopes Based on Water Erosion Experiments

作　　者：王晨阳 戴全厚[1,2] 甘贤民 徐小金 周红 张心印[1,2] Wang Chenyang;Dai Quanhou;Gan Xianmin;Xu Xiaojin;Zhou Hong;Zhang Xinyin(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学土壤侵蚀与生态修复研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第6期22-28,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42167044);贵州大学培育项目(贵大培育[2019]10号)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究不同坡度条件下,草本形态变化所对石漠化坡面径流时空转换过程的影响,以期为石漠化地区的水土流失防治提供理论支持。[方法]用土槽模拟石漠化坡耕地,设置三种草本凋亡后的坡面覆被情况(全株坡面、根系坡面和裸地坡面),以及三种坡度(5°,15°和25°),一个地下裂隙度0.5%,一个冲刷流量6 L/min,采用冲刷试验,探索草本形态变化对石漠化坡地产流的影响。[结果]全株形态是延缓坡面径流形成的最佳草本形态,当坡度升至25°时草本形态对坡面初始产流时间不再有显著影响。裸地的平均地表径流模数最大,全株形态坡面产流过程最为复杂,并且全株形态坡面对裂隙流影响最为明显。坡度是坡面径流分配比例的关键因子,而全株植被形态在固定坡度下仍能对坡面径流的分配比例产生影响。草本形态的变化对坡面产流过程有显著影响,最大可改变15%的径流分配比例。[结论]全株形态坡面能有效分散径流,减少地表径流,降低侵蚀风险;而根系坡面则能增加径流入渗,从而降低坡面侵蚀风险。[Objective]The aims of this study are to investigate the impact of herbaceous morphology changes on the spatiotemporal transformation of slope runoff under different slope conditions in karstified areas,and to provide theoretical support for soil and water conservation in these regions.[Methods]A flume experiment was conducted to simulate karst slope cultivated land,setting up three post-senescent herbaceous cover scenarios:whole-plant slope,root-only slope,and bare slope,across three gradients(5°,15°,and 25°).With a subsurface fissure density of 0.5% and a scouring flow rate of 6 L/min,the effects of herbaceous morphology changes on runoff production in karst slopes were explored.[Results]The whole-plant morphology was found to be the most effective herbaceous state for delaying the initiation of runoff on slope.As the gradient increased to 25°,the influence of herbaceous morphology on the initial runoff timing became non-significant.Bare slopes exhibited the highest average surface runoff modulus,while the runoff processes on whole-plant slopes were the most complex and had the most significant impact on fissure flow.Slope was identified as a key factor in the distribution of slope runoff,and whole-plant morphology could still affect the distribution of slope runoff at a fixed gradient,with the potential to alter runoff distribution by up to 15%.[Conclusion]Whole-plant slopes effectively disperse runoff,reduce surface runoff,and decrease erosion risk.Root-only slopes increase runoff infiltration,thereby reducing erosion risk on the slope.

关 键 词：石漠化坡地 产流过程 草本形态 冲刷试验 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]