汉江流域生态安全时空变化及其影响因素  

Spatial and Temporal Changes in the Ecological Security of the Hanjiang River Basin and Its Influencing Factors

作　　者：符蓉 梁玉洁 谢治国 韩沛东 王绒 温仲明[1] 张伟[1] 刘洋洋[1] Fu Rong;Liang Yujie;Xie Zhiguo;Han Peidong;Wang Rong;Wen Zhongming;Zhang Wei;Liu Yangyang(College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Shaanxi Academy of Forestry,Xi′an 710016,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省林业科学院,西安710016

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第6期139-148,160,共11页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：陕西省林业科技创新重点专项(SXLK2022-02-7);国家自然科学基金(42107512)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究汉江流域生态安全时空变化特征,探讨人类活动对该区域生态安全变化的影响,为汉江流域生态修复工作提供依据。[方法]以汉江流域为研究对象,利用PSR模型和综合指数法,结合土地利用及景观格局指数,从时空变化的角度对2001—2020年汉江流域生态安全状况进行了评估。[结果](1)2001—2020年汉江流域主要土地利用方式为森林与草地,占国土总面积的71.82%,主要的土地利用转移方向为草地转变为森林。相比2001年、2020年森林的面积增加幅度最大,增加了1221.87 km^(2)。湿地、水体及城市用地的面积总体呈现增长的趋势,耕地面积有所下降。(2)2001—2015年汉江流域生态安全状况呈现逐渐变好的趋势,在2015年生态安全水平达到了20年内最佳水平,一般安全及以上生态安全区面积从2001年的27623.86 km^(2)增加至2020年的38514.67 km^(2)。总体来说,生态安全等级差的区域占比最大,生态安全状况仍需提升。(3)2001—2020年汉江流域生态安全指数的莫兰指数值分别为0.187,0.174,0.185,0.180和0.133,存在显著的空间正相关关系及空间聚集性。(4)地理探测器结果显示研究期间内对生态安全指数解释程度最强的因子主要为植被覆盖度、最大斑块指数及景观蔓延度。因子之间存在着显著的交互增强效应,年降水量和其他因子交互作用时对生态安全指数的解释力得到了显著提升。[结论]汉江流域生态安全水平仍需提升,需要提升植被覆盖度,改善气候条件,优化土地利用模式,促进汉江流域生态安全建设和可持续发展。[Objective]This study aims to investigate the characteristics of spatiotemporal changes in ecological security in the Hanjiang River Basin,to explore the influence of human activities on ecological security changes in the region,so as to provide a basis for ecological restoration work in the Hanjiang River Basin.[Methods]Hanjiang River Basin was taken as the research object.The ecological security status of the Hanjiang River Basin from 2001 to 2020 was evaluated from the perspective of spatial and temporal changes by using the PSR model and the comprehensive index method,combining with the index of land use and landscape pattern.[Results](1)From 2001 to 2020,the main land use modes in the Hanjiang River Basin were forest and grassland,accounting for 71.82% of the total land area.The main direction of land use transfer was the change from grassland to forest.Compared with 2001,in 2020,the area of forests increased the most,with an increase of 1221.87 km^(2).The area of wetlands,water bodies and urban land showed a general trend of growth,while the area of arable land declined.(2)The ecological security status of the Hanjiang River Basin from 2001 to 2015 showed a trend of gradual improvement.In 2015,the ecological safety level reached the best level in 20 years,and the area of general safety and above ecological safety areas increased from 27623.86 km^(2) in 2001 to 38514.67 km^(2) in 2020.In general,the area with poor ecological safety grade accounted for the largest proportion.The ecological safety status still needs to be improved.(3)The values of Moran′s I of ESI in the Hanjiang River Basin from 2001 to 2020 were 0.187,0.174,0.185,0.180 and 0.133,respectively,with significant positive spatial correlation and spatial aggregation.(4)The results of the Geodetector showed that the strongest factors explaining the ESI during the study period were vegetation cover,maximum patch index and landscape spread.There was a significant interaction enhancement effect between the factors,and annual precipitation interacted

关 键 词：生态安全 生态安全指数 综合指数法 汉江流域 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]