阿勒泰林区不同草地群落特征对水热因子的响应  

Response of Different Grassland Community Characteristics to Hydrothermal Factors in Altai Forest Area

作　　者：李苗苗 叶茂[1,2] 陈维龙 潘晓婷 曾国燕 贺清智 张西 Li Miaomiao;Ye Mao;Chen Weilong;Pan Xiaoting;Zeng Guoyan;He Qingzhi;Zhang Xi(School of Geographic Science and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Arid Zone Lake Environment and Resources,Urumqi 830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第6期299-308,共10页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42161004);NSFC-新疆联合资助项目(U1803245)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨阿勒泰林区不同草地群落植物物种丰富度(SR)对年平均温度(MAT)、降水(MAP)、海拔的响应,为该区退化草地恢复与管理提供科学依据。[方法]选取阿勒泰林区600~3914 m范围内的5种草地类型作为研究对象,采用样方法对165个样方的物种名录进行了调查,分析了各类草地植物科属种的变化特征。[结果](1)在新疆阿勒泰林区草地中,菊科、禾本科和豆科为优势科,其中碱茅属、蒲公英属、羽衣草属和发草属表现为优势属;(2)物种丰富度(SR)在不同草地变化有所不同,山地草甸草原物种丰富度最高(8.86),而高寒草甸(4.75)最低。(3)全部样地SR与MAP,MAT和海拔呈线性关系;在荒漠草原的SR与MAP和MAT的关系表现为先增加后降低的趋势,同时与海拔呈现先降低再增加的变化趋势。在山地草原中,其SR与MAP,MAT无明显相关性,与海拔的关系呈峰型分布。山地草甸草原的SR与MAP、海拔无明显相关性,与MAT的关系呈峰型分布。山地草甸的SR与MAP、海拔无相关性,与MAT呈峰型关系;高寒草甸的SR与MAP、海拔均呈先降低后增加的趋势,与MAT呈峰型关系。[结论]不同草地类型对温度、降水响应的差异是由于植被类型和温度、降水的空间分异性造成的;而不同海拔梯度水热条件不同,导致物种丰富度之间存在一定差异。[Objective]The aims of this study are to explore the response of plant species richness(SR)of different grassland communities to mean annual temperature(MAT),precipitation(MAP),and altitude in Altai Forest Region,and to provide scientific basis for the restoration and management of degraded grassland in this region.[Methods]Five grassland types within the range of 600~3914 m in Altai Forest Region were selected as the research objects.The species lists of 165 sample plots were investigated using sample methods to analyze the changing characteristics of the family and genus species of various types of grassland plants.[Results](1)The composition of grassland species in Altai forest area of Xinjiang was mainly dominated by Asteraceae,Poaceae and Fabaceae,with Puccinellia,Taraxacum,Alchemilla,and Deschampsia as the dominant genera.However,the proportion of each family and genus in different types of grassland varied.(2)Species richness(SR)varied across grasslands,with mountain meadow grassland having the highest species richness(8.86)and alpine meadow(4.75)the lowest.(3)Differences in the response of species richness of different types of grassland to mean annual temperature(MAT)and precipitation(MAP)in the Altay forest region of Xinjiang were mainly due to differences in vegetation types and spatial variability of climatic factors,whereas their variability for elevation originated from the range of altitudinal gradients and large-scale climatic characteristics of the study area.[Conclusion]Differences in the response of different grassland types to temperature and precipitation are due to the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation types and temperature and precipitation;and the different hydrothermal conditions at different altitudinal gradients lead to some differences between species richness.

关 键 词：植物丰富度 草地类型 海拔 年均降水 年均温度 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]