基于风洞试验的樟子松农田防护林防风效果研究  

Study on Windproof Effect of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Farmland Shelterbelt Based on Wind Tunnel Test

作　　者：石振邦 张计标 袁立敏[2,3,4] 蒙仲举 胡志健 SHI Zhenbang;ZHANG Jibiao;YUAN Limin;MENG Zhongju;HU Zhijian(Desert Science and Engineering College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Science,Hohhot 010010,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Desert Ecological System,Hohhot 010010,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Sandy Land Biological Resources Conservation and Cultivation,Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]内蒙古自治区沙地(沙漠)生态系统与生态工程重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [4]沙地生物资源保护与培育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《内蒙古林业科技》2024年第3期14-21,共8页Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：荒漠绿洲区农田防护林体系构建技术集成与示范(2023YFF130420505)。

摘　　要：樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)是我国“三北”地区主要造林树种之一,樟子松防护林具有较强的防风固沙能力。本研究以樟子松防护林为研究对象,开展了5种行带式配置防护林防风效益风洞试验研究,测定了不同配置防护林防护区不同距离范围内风速及其流场特征,研究了樟子松防护林不同行带配置与防护效益关系,为常绿针叶树种农田防护林营造提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)防风效能随着林带行数的增加而增强,且林带后1 H~3 H内风速显著降低,形成风影区,风影区面积随着林带行数的增加而变大。(2)樟子松防护林带后风速流场发生显著变化,在12 m·s^(-1)风速条件下,1~5行1带的5种林带防风效能分别为15.1%、26.2%、37.5%、51.7%和51.9%,4行1带、5行1带结构配置防风效能均在50.0%以上。(3)樟子松防护林具有较强的防风效果,建议在干旱区农田防护林建设与更新中可采用樟子松造林,最适结构配置为4行1带。Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,one of the main afforestation tree species in the"Three Norths"region of China,has strong windbreak and sand fixation ability.In this study,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica shelterbelt was taken as the research object.The wind tunnel experiments were carried out on the windbreak benefit of five shelterbelts,and the wind speed and flow field characteristics of different distances in the shelterbelt protection areas with different configurations were determined.The relationship between the configuration of different row zones and the protection benefit of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica shelterbelt was studied,which provided a theoretical basis for the construction of evergreen coniferous tree species in farmland shelterbelt.The results show that:(1)The windbreak effect increased with the increase of the number of rows in the forest belt,and the wind speed decreased significantly within 1 H−3 H after the forest belt,forming a wind shadow area,and the area of the wind shadow area increased with the increase of the number of rows in the forest belt.(2)The wind speed and flow field of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica changed significantly after the shelterbelt.Under the condition of 12 m.s−1 wind speed,the windproof efficiency of the five forest belts in 1−5 rows and 1 belt was 15.1%,26.2%,37.5%,51.7%and 51.9%,respectively,and the windproof efficiency of the 4 rows and 1 belt、5 rows and 1 belt structure configuration was more than 50.0%.(3)Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica shelterbelt has a strong windbreak effect.It is suggested that Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica can be used for afforestation in the construction and renewal of farmland shelterbelts in arid areas,and the optimal structure configuration is 4 rows and 1 belt.

关 键 词：樟子松 农田防护林带 风洞试验 林带结构 

分 类 号：S791.253[农业科学—林木遗传育种]