化肥减量增效技术模式探讨及建议  

Discussion and Suggestions on Technical Models for Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency Increase

作　　者：谢勇 XIE Yong(Jianyang District Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Nanping,Fujian 354200)

机构地区：[1]福建省南平市建阳区农业农村局,福建南平354200

出　　处：《福建稻麦科技》2024年第3期62-66,共5页Fujian Science and Technology of Rice and Wheat

基　　金：农业农村部有机肥替代化肥项目{农农(耕肥)2020[7]号};福建省农业科学院自由探索科技创新项目(ZYTS 20240024)。

摘　　要：化肥是支撑国家粮食生产的重要基础,但农业生产上长期盲目追求高产导致化肥滥用,引发农产品安全、资源浪费及环境污染等负面影响,不利于农业资源节约型社会构建,化肥减量增效已成为国际社会的统一共识。目前,中国正在以“精、调、改、替”的化肥减量增效技术路径推广优质、绿色农业生产。针对科学施肥技术的紧迫需求,综合评价了中国化肥减量增效行动的发展及成效,重点分析测土配方施肥、水肥一体化、机械深施及有机肥替代化肥等现代施肥技术的要点及应用概况。在此基础上,依据可持续农业发展的需求,分析了中国化肥减量增效技术存在的问题,提出新阶段全面推进化肥减量增效的具体建议,以期为构建长效的化肥减量增效机制及规范体系提供参考。Chemical fertilizers play a crucial role in supporting national food production.However,the relentless pursuit of high yields in agriculture has resulted in the overuse of chemical fertilizers,leading to negative consequences such as compromised agricultural product safety,wastage of resources,and environmental pollution.This undermines the goal of establishing an agricultural resource-saving society.The international community has reached a consensus on the necessity to decrease chemical fertilizer usage while enhancing efficiency.Currently,our country is advancing high-quality and eco-friendly agricultural practices through the technical approach of‘refining,adjusting,modifying,and replacing’chemical fertilizers to optimize quantity and efficiency.This paper conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the progress and impact of our country,s efforts to reduce chemical fertilizers and improve efficiency.It focuses on key aspects and applications of modern fertilization technologies,including soil testing and formula fertilization,integrated water and fertilizer management,mechanical deep fertilization,and the substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic alternatives.On this basis,according to the needs of sustainable agricultural development,this study analyzed the problems existing in China,s fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement technology,and put forward specific suggestions for comprehensively promoting fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement in the new stage,in order to provide reference for the construction of long-term fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement mechanism and regulation system.

关 键 词：化肥 化肥减量增效技术 高效施肥 化肥零增长 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]