秦汉廷史考论  

Insights and Analysis of the Judicial Official Tingshi in the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：李澄 Li Cheng(School of History and Cultural Heritage,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian,361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2024年第4期68-80,M0005,共14页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

摘　　要：秦汉时期的廷史是司法长官廷尉的史职属吏,其供职于廷尉府并拥有一定的司法职权。传世文献中廷史常与廷尉史混用,但二者其实存在时代差异,“廷史”在秦及西汉都是书于竹帛的正式官名,“廷尉史”被普遍使用则迟至东汉以后。通过新出简牍材料中涉及廷史的律令文书和履职实录,可见廷史被赋予了以参与“廷议”、与郡鞫狱、监察地方为主的职能,是廷尉将司法权力延伸至地方的重要途径。此外,廷史与郡府卒史、县廷狱史在职能设计和迁转路径等方面均存在密切的内在联系,共同构成了一个较完整的自中央到基层的治狱属吏体系,维系着秦汉国家司法系统的平稳运行。During the Qin and Han periods,Tingshi(廷史)was a subordinate official to the major judiciary officer Tingwei(廷尉).The differences between Tingshi and Tingwei Shi(廷尉史)were often ignored in literature.Actually,Tingshi was a formal official title documented in Qin and Western Han literature,while Tingwei Shi was a term broadly used only after the Eastern Han period.Based upon the newly discovered bamboo and wooden slip documents,the function of Tingshi involves participation of court meeting,overseeing local trials,and supervising local administrative activities,which means that the Tingwei enjoys considerable power in local level.Tingshi,Zushi(卒史),and Yushi(狱史)were connected in terms of function and career development.They collectively formed up a relatively complete prison administrative officials from central to local level.

关 键 词：廷史 廷尉史 廷尉 治狱属吏 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] D929[政治法律—中外政治制度] K232[历史地理—历史学]