化肥减量配施有机肥对沙土地紫花苜蓿生产性能及肥料利用率的影响  

Effect of Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Production Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Alfalfa in Sand Land

作　　者：王建岭 王震 张强 董朋博 张峰举[3] WANG Jianling;WANG Zhen;ZHANG Qiang;DONG Pengbo;ZHANG Fengju(Guoneng Group Ningxia Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021;College of Agriculture,Ningxia University Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021;College of Ecological Environment,Ningxia University Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限公司,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《现代农业研究》2024年第10期57-63,共7页Modern Agriculture Research

基　　金：宁夏煤业科技创新项目“南湖煤矿高盐水利用与林草种植研究与示范”(项目编号:NXMY-22-29);宁夏重点研发计划项目“盐地碱蓬、盐角草、野榆钱菠菜等吃盐植物引进筛选及适应性评价研究与示范”(项目编号:2022BBF0306)。

摘　　要：针对沙土地紫花苜蓿生产中养分流失严重、肥料利用率低的问题,本研究采用单因素随机区组设计,在宁夏东部毛乌素沙土地设置不施肥(CK)、有机肥代替0%(F_(1))、15%(F_(2))、30%(F_(3))、45%(F_(4))、60%(F_(5))、100%(F_(6))常量化肥共7个处理的田间试验,探讨了不同处理对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativaL.)产量、品质及养分利用的影响。结果表明:与单施化学化肥(F_(1))处理相比,30%化肥减量配施有机肥(F_(3))通过降低紫花苜蓿茎叶比(14.15%),提高干鲜比(4.48%)、粗蛋白含量(10.44%)和干草产量(4.15%),使氮(磷)肥料农学效率提高11.79%,同时提高肥料贡献率(7.38%)。结合主成分分析,30%化肥减量配施有机肥是实现沙土地紫花苜蓿品质提升和高效生产的施肥模式。This study addresses the significant nutrient loss and low fertilizer utilization in alfalfa production on sandy land,utilizing a single-factor randomized block design.Field experiments were conducted on the Maowusu sandy land in eastern Ningxia,with seven treatments:no fertilization(CK),organic fertilizer replacing 0%(F_(1)),15%(F_(2)),30%(F_(3)),45%(F_(4)),60%(F_(5)),and 100%(F_(6))of conventional synthetic fertilizer.The impact of these treatments on the yield,quality,and nutrient utilization of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)was examined.Results indicated that,compared to the F_(1) treatment which only used synthetic fertilizer,reducing the application of synthetic fertilizer by 30%and combining it with organic fertilizer(F_(3))improved the alfalfa's stem-to-leaf ratio by 14.15%,increased the dry-to-fresh ratio by 4.48%,crude protein content by 10.44%,and hay yield by 4.15%.This resulted in an increase in the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen(phosphorus)fertilizer by 11.79%and simultaneously enhanced the fertilizer contribution rate by 7.38%.Based on principal component analysis,reducing synthetic fertilizer by 30%and combining it with organic fertilizer is identified as the optimal fertilization strategy for improving the quality and efficient production of alfalfa on sandy land.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 沙土地 化肥减量 有机肥无机肥配施 养分利用 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]