华侨建筑遗产作为旅游吸引物的侨乡村落振兴模式:特征与困境——基于行动者网络理论的广东台山5座村落的实证  

Revitalizing Overseas Chinese Villages:Exploring the Role of Overseas Chinese Architectural Heritage as Tourist Attractions—Characteristics and Challenges—An Empirical Study of Five Villages in Taishan,Guangdong Province Based on the Actor-Network Theory

作　　者：黎丽华 曾娟[1] Li Lihua;Zeng Juan(School of Geographical Sciences and Planning,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006)

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州510006

出　　处：《热带地理》2024年第10期1812-1825,共14页Tropical Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51978675);教育部人文社科项目(18YJCZH006);中华全国归国华侨联合会课题(17BZQK216);贵州科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般259)。

摘　　要：侨乡村落是中国乡村的特殊类型,华侨建筑遗产作为核心旅游吸引物是目前侨乡村落振兴的主要模式,但现有研究对该模式下各类侨村发展特征与困境、侨产承担的角色功能及对侨村的影响关注不足,侨乡振兴所面临迫切问题未能在学理层面得到充分解释。文章运用观察与访谈等方法,在广东省台山市20座侨村进行为期45 d的实地调查,聚焦于5座典型侨村,依据振兴动力特征将侨村振兴类型识别为“自组织型”“双驱动型”与“多联动型”3类。进一步基于行动者网络理论,剖析以侨产为旅游吸引物的不同类型侨村的振兴模式主要特征及所面临各自困境。研究发现:1)3类侨村在侨产角色与关键行动者方面具有迥异特征,即侨产的角色与功能分别为“具有生活性和象征性的离散旅游原真性纪念物”“具有示范性和吸引性的地方政府示范村展示物”与“具有生产性和盈利性的企业特色景区生产物”。关键行动者分别为“村民、华侨与侨联”“村委会与政府”与“企业”。2)3类侨村面临的主要困境分别聚焦于“建设话语权争夺”“侨产归属权流散”与“侨产收益权冲突”。文章提出需重点关注“华侨-侨产经纪人-侨房实际使用者”的侨产资源开发利用链条。未来侨村振兴研究应聚焦于侨产作为离散旅游吸引物的角色与特征、华人华侨作为游客的需求及侨房产权背后涉及的权力冲突的演变与影响等。The revitalization of Overseas Chinese villages in China is closely tied to the preservation and utilization of their architectural heritage,which serves as a crucial tourist attraction.However,existing research has inadequately explored the multifaceted role that Overseas Chinese architectural heritage plays in the rejuvenation of these communities.Based on a comprehensive 45-day field investigation across 20 Overseas Chinese villages,this study methodically selected five representative villages in Taishan City,Guangdong Province,and classified them into three categories based on the impetus of human engagement:self-organized,dual-drive,and multi-linkage.Using the actor-network theory as a framework,this study yielded the following findings:(1)The three types of Overseas Chinese villages exhibit distinct characteristics in the production and key actors associated with Overseas Chinese heritage.First,in the self-organized villages,the living and symbolic overseas Chinese property is the primary attraction of discrete tourism,and the revitalization efforts cater to the life and emotional sustenance of villagers and Overseas Chinese community.Key actors include villagers,Overseas Chinese,and the Overseas Chinese Federation,which plays an important role in coordinating efforts both locally and abroad.Second,in the dual-drive villages,Overseas Chinese heritage is leveraged by local governments as part of demonstration projects.The village committees actively cooperate to promote these villages as model tourism destinations,creating brand identity for government efforts.Village committees and the government are the key actors in this type of Overseas Chinese village.Third,in the multi-linkage villages,the productive and profitable overseas Chinese products,developed and operated as mass tourist attractions,drive economic growth for various stakeholders.Enterprises and their operators play a key role here,managing and capitalizing on these economic opportunities,ensuring that the development of the village meets the ev

关 键 词：侨乡 乡村振兴 华侨建筑遗产 产权 行动者网络理论 离散旅游 江门五邑 

分 类 号：K928.5[历史地理—人文地理学] F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]