类海啸波在非平整岛礁上传播与演变的试验研究  

Experimental Study on Complex Hydrodynamics of Tsunami-Like Waves over Fringing Reefs with Uneven Flat Topography

作　　者：王超[1] 屈科 王旭[1] 高榕泽 王傲宇 Wang Chao;Qu Ke;Wang Xu;Gao Rongze;Wang Aoyu(School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,长沙410114 [2]洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114 [3]水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114

出　　处：《热带地理》2024年第10期1838-1846,共9页Tropical Geography

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3103601);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51839002);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ20043)。

摘　　要：广泛分布于热带和亚热带海域的珊瑚礁一般具有非平整的礁坪地形,礁坪地形的突变会对类海啸波的传播演变特性产生显著的影响。文章通过开展波浪水槽物理实验,系统研究了类海啸波在非平整岛礁上传播与演变的规律,并深入分析了入射波高和礁坪水深对类海啸波传播演变特性的影响。试验结果表明:入射波破碎点主要位于第二礁坪上,并且破碎点的位置随入射波的增大或礁坪水深的减小向离岸方向移动。礁坪地形突变对类海啸波的反射系数和透射系数影响显著,礁坪地形突变会增强入射波的反射强度,尤其是在礁坪水深<0.025 m时,受礁坪地形突变产生的反射系数C_(R2)可达0.3左右;其次,入射波高或礁坪水深的增加都会引起透射系数的减小。Coral reefs,widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters,generally have uneven flat topography.Sudden changes in reef flat topography significantly impact the propagation and evolution characteristics of tsunami-like waves;however,related studies are rare.This study systematically investigates the propagation and evolution of tsunami-like waves over uneven islands and reefs through wave flume physical experiments,analyzing the influences of incident wave height and reef flat water depth on these characteristics.The experimental results show that an uneven reef flat blocks the propagation of solitary waves and generates reflected waves.The slope,reef margin,and first reef flat in front of the reef are deep underwater,causing solitary waves to undergo shallow deformation without breaking.The wave height increases to a maximum at the step of the reef flat at shallower water depths and then breaks on the second reef flat.After breaking,the solitary wave propagates over the second reef flat as a swell,with wave height slowly attenuated due to energy dissipation from breaking in the limited water depth.As the incident wave height increases,the local wave height at each measuring point rises,with the increase in wave surface further amplified by the shallowing effect at the reef flat step.An increase in incident wave height causes the uneven reef flat to dissipate more wave energy and enhances wave attenuation.Consequently,the spatial distribution of local wave height Hi/H0decreases with an increase in incident wave height.Increasing the water depth of the reef flat gradually weakens the shallowing effect,resulting in a decrease in the range and peak value of the maximum wave height near the reef flat step.When the water depth of the reef flat exceeds a certain limit,such as hr=0.05 m in this study,the influence of the uneven reef flat on local wave height diminishes.An increase in the water depth leads to a reduction in wave energy consumed by the uneven reef flat,while the maximum wave height on the second re

关 键 词：类海啸波 地形突变 波浪破碎 波浪反射 珊瑚礁 非平整岛礁 

分 类 号：P731.22[天文地球—海洋科学]