近代日本的文明论、殖民论及其批判之声——甲午战争130周年祭  

The Civilization Theory,Colonization Theory,and Criticism of Modern Japan-In Memory of 130th Anniversary of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895

作　　者：王锐 WANG Rui(Department of History,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史系,上海200241

出　　处：《杭州师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期20-36,共17页Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：在甲午战争前后,日本政学两界人士效仿欧美列强,把“文明”作为一个重要的对中国开战的理由,用“文明”来文饰、掩盖、美化日本发动侵略战争的真实意图,甚至将“文明”作为一种政治叙事,来描述战前的中日关系。作为一个肇始于近代西方的词汇,“文明”(civilization)这一旨在描述理想的政治制度、社会形态、生产方式、道德准则、个人特质的词汇与近代日本的殖民扩张活动之间有何关联,日本的意识形态家们是如何将文明与殖民扩张勾连起来的?在近代日本,有无检讨、批判这一做法的声音,其理论基础又是什么?凡此种种,值得展开讨论,此乃理解甲午战争以来东亚局势的重要内容。Before and after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895,Japanese political scholars followed the example of European and American powers,using“civilization”as an important reason to wage war against China.They used“civilization”to embellish,conceal,and beautify Japan s true intention to launch an aggressive war,and even used“civilization”as a political narrative to describe Sino-Japanese relations before the war.As a term originating from the modern West,“civilization”aims to describe the relationship between ideal political systems,social forms,modes of production,moral standards,and personal traits,and Japan s colonial expansion activities in modern times.How did Japanese ideologists link civilization with colonial expansion?What is the theoretical basis for whether there are voices of self-reflection and criticism of this practice in modern Japan?All of these are worth discussing,which is an important aspect of understanding the situation in East Asia since the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.

关 键 词：甲午战争 日本 文明论 福泽谕吉 幸德秋水 内藤湖南 尾崎秀实 

分 类 号：K256.3[历史地理—历史学] K264[历史地理—中国史] K313