夏号考  

Study and Textual Research on Nation Title of the Xia

作　　者：冯时[1] Feng Shi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《文物季刊》2024年第3期79-88,共10页Journal of Chinese Antiquity

摘　　要：有关夏代的国号问题,向无异辞,传世文献及东周金文皆称其为“夏”。然而据此梳理夏商及西周史料,对夏史的追寻却了无踪迹。山西襄汾陶寺遗址出土的“文邑”朱书,闻喜酒务头商墓出土的文氏铜器,以及传世的有关文氏与文夏的铭文资料,为重建有夏国号提供了重要材料。本文考证夏代初以“文”为其本号,体现了夏道重文崇德的文化传统。商人则以覆屋之形的“文”作为亡夏之氏,更晚又增地名“夏”而以“文夏”为氏,最终则剔除“文”字,仅存“夏”而为国号。有夏国号转变事实的揭示对夏史的研究无疑具有重要的意义。It is curtain that the nation title of Xia Dynasty was recorded as Xia in the handed down historical texs and the bronze inscriptions of the Eastern Zhou.However,by searching for the historical text of Xia,Shang and Western Zhou,there is no trace of it.The characters,Wen-Yi(文邑)written on a pottery kettle unearthed at Taosi site,Xiangfen,Shanxi,bronze objects with Wen clan emblem from tombs at Jiuwutou,Wenxi county and other materials about Wen clan and Wen-Xia in bronze inscriptions handed down provide important evidences for reconstructing the history of its title's changing.This paper concludes that the early Xia took Wen(文)as its original title,which probably embodied the cultural tradition of highly pushing for civil and virtues.Then Shang people changed character Wen with roofed shape when xia was collapsed.Later it was renamed Wen-Xia and Xia.The fact is no doubt of great significance for study of Xia history.

关 键 词：国号 文 文邑 文夏 夏 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K222[历史地理—历史学]