2022年长江极端干旱下咸潮入侵对浦东新区内河水环境影响及应对措施建议  

Impact and suggestions for the inland river water environment in Pudong New Area under the extreme drought of the Yangtze River and salt tide intrusion in 2022

作　　者：郑奇 郑丙辉[2] 李丹 ZHENG Qi;ZHENG Binghui;LI Dan(Center for Hydrology and Water Resources Management,Pudong New Area,Shanghai 200129;National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012;College of Urban Construction,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211086)

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区水文水资源管理事务中心,上海200129 [2]中国环境科学研究院,湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,北京100012 [3]南京工业大学城市建设学院,江苏南京211086

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2024年第9期1287-1294,共8页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.42207280);国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室开放研究基金项目(No.2HPZD-02);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(No.2YSKY-02)。

摘　　要：2022年由于长江流域极端干旱,上海浦东新区水环境安全遭受了巨大压力。为保障城市水环境安全,以长江口-黄浦江-浦东新区内河区域为研究对象,评估极端干旱影响下,咸潮入侵时氯化物时空分布特征及影响因素,剖析咸潮入侵后从长江和从黄浦江引水对浦东新区内河水环境的影响。结果表明,2022年受长江流域极端干旱影响,长江口水位较往年下降,咸潮入侵时间提前至8月,入侵频次增多,入侵总时长高达142 d。通过“西引东排”的引排水模式,抽调长江水和黄浦江水可应对咸潮。当咸潮入侵较为剧烈时,从长江引水受限,改从黄浦江引水补给内河水源,有助于减轻咸潮入侵风险,并改善内河水质。因此,为应对极端干旱,减少咸潮入侵对内河水环境的影响,应优化长江水和黄浦江水调配方式;同时,建议增强对内河的生态修复,通过生态扩容的方式,减少对引水的依赖,加强内河的自净能力。Due to the severe drought in the Yangtze River Basin in 2022,the water environment security of Pudong New Area suffered tremendous pressure.To ensure the safety of the urban water environment,the inland rivers in Yangtze River Estuary-Huangpu River-Pudong New Area were investigated to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and factors of chloride with salt tide intrusion under the influence of extreme drought.The effects of water diversion from the Yangtze River and Huangpu River on the inland river water environment in Pudong New Area after the onset of salt tide intrusion were analyzed.The results showed that due to the extreme drought in the Yangtze River Basin,the water level of the Yangtze River Estuary dropped compared with previous years,the salt tide intrusion time in 2022 was shifted to August,the intrusion frequency increased,and the total intrusion duration reached as high as 142 days.Through the diversion and drainage measures of“diverting water from the west and drainage to the east”,the water from the Yangtze River and the Huangpu River could be used to cope with the salt tide intrusion.When the salt tide intrusion became severe and water diversion from the Yangtze River was resisted,the water diversion changed from the Huangpu River to replenish the water source of the inland river.The water diversion helped to reduce the risk of salt tide intrusion and improve the water quality of the inland river.Therefore,to cope with the extreme drought and reduce the impact of salt tide intrusion on the inland river water environment,the water diversion and drainage measures from the Yangtze River and Huangpu River should be optimized.At the same time,it was recommended to strengthen the ecological restoration of the inland river,reduce the dependence on water diversion through ecological expansion,and strengthen the self-purification capacity of the inland river.

关 键 词：极端干旱 咸潮 水环境 引排水 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]