粪肥部分替代氮肥对盐碱地冬小麦产量与土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Partial Substitution of Nitrogen Fertilizer by Different Kinds of Manure on Yield and Soil Nutrients of Winter Wheat in Saline-Alkali Land

作　　者：肖柄政 郭兵[1] 刘苹[1] 高新昊[1] 姚利[1] 贾洪玉 孙涛[1] 杜章留 赵自超 Xiao Bingzheng;Guo Bing;Liu Ping;Gao Xinhao;Yao Li;Jia Hongyu;Sun Tao;Du Zhangliu;Zhao Zichao(State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Yellow River Delta Modern Agriculture Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dongying 257091,China;Dongying Research Center of Mordern Agriculture in Yellow River Delta,Dongying 257091,China)

机构地区：[1]养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室/山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南250100 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院生物多样性与有机农业北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [3]山东省农业科学院黄河三角洲现代农业研究院,山东东营257091 [4]东营黄河三角洲现代农业研究中心,山东东营257091

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第9期157-163,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD19001903);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2023A48);黄三角国家农高区省级科技创新发展专项资金项目(2022SZX48)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同种类粪肥部分替代氮肥对中度盐碱地上冬小麦产量与土壤养分的影响,本试验在山东省东营市河口区试验地上设置不施肥(CK)、施用化肥[CON:常规施肥处理,氮磷钾(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)用量=267-252-0 kg/hm^(2);OPT:优化施肥处理,氮磷钾(N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O)用量=210-105-105 kg/hm^(2)]和优化施肥基础上粪肥替代15%或30%氮肥(牛粪肥替代处理代号:DM15和DM30;羊粪肥替代处理代号:SM15和SM30;鸡粪肥替代处理代号:CM15和CM30)共9个处理,研究其对中度盐碱地土壤理化性质、氮肥偏生产力、养分含量和小麦产量效益的影响。结果表明:相比对照(CK)各施肥处理显著增加小麦产量,相比CON,DM15、DM30和SM15处理小麦产量分别提高21.5%、17.7%和1.7%。相比CON,OPT和各粪肥部分替代氮肥处理能增加氮肥偏生产力。相比CON,各粪肥部分替代氮肥处理降低土壤容重和pH值,且土壤有机质含量增幅达32.7%~74.2%,但羊粪肥和鸡粪肥部分替代氮肥会增加土壤EC值。与CON相比,各粪肥部分替代氮肥处理土壤速效氮含量显著增加,速效钾含量均有提高且大多差异显著,土壤有效磷含量除DM30和SM15处理有一定幅度升高外其他处理均降低但差异均不显著,均提高土壤氮钾养分活化系数。DM15、DM30和SM15处理可以提高小麦经济收益,其中DM15处理相比CON增收57.03%,效果最好。综上看出,牛粪肥部分替代氮素化肥(DM15、DM30)可以较大幅度增加小麦产量,提升土壤养分水平,增加经济效益。The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different kinds of manure partially in-stead of nitrogen fertilizer on winter wheat yield and soil nutrients in moderate saline-alkali land.In the experi-ment,nine treatments were set in the Hekou District,Dongying City,Shandong Province,namely no fertiliza-tion(CK),chemical fertilizer treatments including CON(conventional fertilization with N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O rates as 267,252 and 0 kg/hm^(2))and OPT(optimized fertilization with N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O rates as 210,105 and 105 kg/hm^(2)),and treatments with manure replacing 15%or 30%nitrogen fertilizer based on optimized fertilization(cattle manure replacement treatments as DM15 and DM30;sheep manure replacement treatments as SM15 and SM30;chicken manure replacement treatments as CM15 and CM30).Their effects on soil physi-cochemical properties,nitrogen partial productivity,nutrient content and wheat yield benefit in moderate sa-line-alkali land were investigated.The results showed that compared with CK,fertilization treatments signifi-cantly increased wheat yield.Compared to CON,DM15,DM30 and SM15 treatments increased wheat yield by 21.5%,17.7%and 1.7%,respectively,and the OPT and manure treatments could increase nitrogen partial productivity.Compared with CON,the manure treatments reduced soil bulk density and pH value,and in-creased soil organic matter content by 32.7%to 74.2%,but partial replacement of nitrogen fertilizer by sheep manure and chicken manure increased soil EC value.Compared with CON,under the manure treatments,the soil available nitrogen content significantly increased,and the available potassium content increased and most reached significant level;the soil available phosphorus content decreased except that DM30 and SM15 treat-ments increased to a certain extent,but the differences were not significant;the soil nitrogen and potassium activation coefficient increased.DM15,DM30 and SM15 treatments could increase wheat economic income,a-mong which,DM15 treatment increased by 57.03%compared

关 键 词：粪肥 盐碱地 冬小麦 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]