2020—2021年达州市新生儿出生缺陷现状分析及影响因素  

Analysis of the current situation of birth defects in newborns in Dazhou from 2020 to 2021 and its influencing factors

作　　者：何娟 郑晓 He Juan;Zheng Xiao(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Dazhou Women and Children's Hospital,Sichuan,Dazhou 635000,China)

机构地区：[1]达州市妇女儿童医院妇产科,四川达州635000

出　　处：《发育医学电子杂志》2024年第5期362-368,共7页Journal of Developmental Medicine (Electronic Version)

基　　金：发育与妇儿疾病四川省重点实验室开放课题资助基金项目(2023001)。

摘　　要：目的分析2020—2021年达州市新生儿出生缺陷发生现状,并分析其影响因素,为科学指导优生优育提供参考依据。方法回顾性收集2020年1月1日至2021年12月31日达州市所有助产医院分娩的59591例新生儿的资料,分析新生儿出生缺陷发生率、新生儿出生缺陷发生率顺位、新生儿出生缺陷诊断方式,同时将出生缺陷儿纳入出生缺陷组(n=328),其余健康新生儿纳入健康组(n=59263),比较2组新生儿的临床特点。统计学方法采用χ^(2)检验、非参数秩和检验、单因素分析、多因素Logistic回归分析。结果2020—2021年达州市新生儿出生缺陷发生率为55.04‱,前5名为多指(趾)、先天性心脏病、外耳其他畸形、腭裂、小耳(包括无耳),其中2020年新生儿出生缺陷发生率前5名为多指(趾)、先天性心脏病、外耳其他畸形、腭裂、唇裂合并腭裂,2021年新生儿出生缺陷发生率前5名为多指(趾)、先天性心脏病、外耳其他畸形、腭裂、小耳(包括无耳)。2020—2021年达州市新生儿出生缺陷诊断方式主要为临床和超声检查;与健康组相比,出生缺陷组男性新生儿、低体质量儿比例较高,孕妇年龄≥35岁、孕期吸烟、孕期饮酒、文化程度高中/中专及以下、居住城镇、有出生缺陷家族史、孕期服药史、孕期有毒物质接触史、孕早期病毒感染、孕期营养不良比例较高(P值均<0.001);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性新生儿、低体质量儿、孕妇年龄≥35岁、孕期吸烟、孕期饮酒、文化程度高中/中专及以下、居住城镇、有出生缺陷家族史、孕期服药史、孕期有毒物质接触史、孕早期病毒感染、孕期营养不良是新生儿出生缺陷的独立影响因素(P值均<0.001)。结论2020—2021年达州市新生儿出生缺陷发生率较全国水平低,以多指(趾)、先天性心脏病等较为常见,男性新生儿、低体质量儿、孕妇年龄≥35岁、孕期吸烟、孕期�Objective To analyze the current situation of birth defects in newborns in Dazhou from 2020 to 2021,and analyze its influencing factors,in order to provide a reference for scientific guidance on eugenics and childbreeding.Method Data of 59591 newborns delivered in all midwifery hospitals in Dazhou from January 1,2020 to December 31,2021 were collected retrospectively.The incidence of birth defects,the incidence of birth defects in order,and the diagnostic methods of birth defects were analyzed.The birth defects group(n=328)was composed of the birth defects children,and the remaining healthy newborns were included in the healthy group(n=59263).The clinical characteristics of the two groups of newborns were compared.Statistical methods performed byχ^(2) test,non-parametric rank sum test,univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Result The incidence of birth defects in newborns in Dazhou from 2020 to 2021 was 55.04‱and the top five birth defects were polydactyly(toe),congenital heart disease,other deformities of the external ear,cleft palate,and microtia(including absence of ear),among which the topfive birth defects in 2020 were polydactyly(toe),congenital heart disease,other deformities of the external ear,cleft palate,and cleft lip with cleft palate,and the top five birth defects in 2021 were polydactyly(toe),congenital heart disease,other deformities of the external ear,cleft palate,and microtia(including absence of ear).From 2020 to 2021,the main diagnostic methods for birth defects in newborns in Dazhou were clinical and ultrasound examination.Compared with the healthy group,the birth defect group had a higher rate of male newborns and low birth weight infants,as well as a higher rate of pregnant women aged≥35 years,smoking during pregnancy,drinking alcohol during pregnancy,having a senior high school/technical secondary school education or below,living in urban areas,having a family history of birth defects,taking medication during pregnancy,having a history of exposure to toxic s

关 键 词：新生儿 出生缺陷 发生率 诊断 分析 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]