陕北黄土丘陵区主要作物需水量变化趋势及其应对策略  

Research on the Trend and Response Strategies of Water Requirement of Main Crops in the Loess Hilly Region of Northern Shaanxi Province

作　　者：陆静 汪星 孙波 高志永 Lu Jing;Wang Xing;Sun Bo;Gao Zhiyong(Yangling Vocational&Technological College,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Hubei Institute of Water Resources and Design Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Water Conservancy,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan International Joint R&D Center of Smart Agriculture and Water Security,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院水利工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [3]湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院有限公司,武汉430070 [4]云南农业大学水利学院,昆明650201 [5]云南省智慧农业与水安全国际联合研发中心,昆明650201

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第5期64-72,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金(2022AAC05019);国家自然科学基金(32060301);云南省农业基础研究联合专项面上项目(202301BD070001-181)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨陕北黄土丘陵区干旱、降雨和主要作物需水量在过去及未来的变化趋势,以期掌握该区气象干旱变化特征及主要作物水分供需状况,为该区主要作物合理灌溉及优化种植提供参考。[方法]基于陕北黄土丘陵区1980—2017年日尺度基本气象数据,采用去趋势预置白处理的Mann-Kendall法和R/S法分析了过去及未来作物生育期内(4—10月份)的干旱、降雨及作物需水量变化趋势。[结果](1)干旱年发生频率达56.76%,干旱在4—6月呈现降低趋势,在7—10月份呈现增加趋势;有效降水量的变化趋势在不同地区的月份表现各异;作物需水量在4—8月呈增加趋势。(2)作物未来生育期内,陕北黄土丘陵区有效降水量分别在5月、7月、10月份呈现降低趋势,在8月、9月份为增加趋势;干旱及作物需水量在4—6月份延安地区分别呈现增加和降低趋势,榆林地区同期干旱及作物需水量与延安地区相反。[结论]陕北黄土丘陵区干旱频发,有效降雨量难以满足作物需水量。建议控制红枣及苹果种植面积,加大谷子产业投入,利用覆盖与集雨补灌结合的方法来满足作物对水分的需求,达到增产增收目的,助力新时代乡村振兴。[Objective] The aims of this study are to investigate the historical and future trends of drought,precipitation,and the water requirement of major crops,to gain insights into the evolving characteristics of meteorological drought and the water balance for key crops in the loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi,and to provide the reference for implementing effective irrigation practices and optimizing crop cultivation in this region.[Method] The daily-scale basic meteorological data from the loess hilly region of northern Shaanxi for the period 1980 to 2017 were utilized.The Mann-Kendall method with pre-whitening and the R/S method were employed to analyze the trend changes in drought,precipitation,and crop water requirement during the crop growing season(April to October) in past and future.[Results](1) Drought showed a decreasing trend from April to June and an increasing trend from July to October.The variation in effective precipitation exhibited different patterns across the months and regions.Crop water requirement showed an increasing trend from April to August.(2) In the future,the effective precipitation in May,July,and October is projected to decrease,while the effective precipitation in August and September will experience an increasing trend.Drought and crop water requirement in Yan′an will exhibit opposite trends from April to June compared to that in Yulin.[Conclusion] The frequent droughts occur,and the available precipitation is insufficient to meet crop water requirements in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi.The measures to control the cultivation area of jujube and apples,to increase investment in millet cultivation,and to implement a combination of rainwater harvesting and mulching are suggested in order to meet crop water requirements,achieve higher yields and increase income.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵 干旱 降雨 作物需水量 趋势分析 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]