鲁中南地区不同经济林种植模式的改良土壤效应  

Soil Improvement Effect of Different Economic Forest Planting Modes in South-central Shandong Province

作　　者：张兹箕 王启鑫 赵振宇 芦月 刘文静 高芳磊 夏江宝[1] Zhang Ziji;Wang Qixin;Zhao Zhenyu;Lu Yue;Liu Wenjing;Gao Fanglei;Xia Jiangbao(Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for the Yellow River Delta,Shandong University of Aeronautics,Binzhou,Shandong,256603,China;College of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian,Shandong 271018,China;Ningyang Natural Resources and Planning Bureau,Ningyang,Shandong 271400,China)

机构地区：[1]山东航空学院,山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256603 [2]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018 [3]宁阳县自然资源和规划局,山东宁阳271400

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第5期102-111,共10页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZX2022101);山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSG0044);泰山学者人才工程项目(TSQN201909152)。

摘　　要：[目的]探明鲁中南地区不同经济林种植模式对土壤水分物理性质和土壤养分的影响规律,为该区域水土保持经济林种植模式筛选和栽植管理提供依据。[方法]选取鲁中南地区临沂市蒙阴县孟良崮小流域的桃树纯林(Amygdalus persica L.)(TS)、山楂纯林(Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge)(SZ)、苹果+樱桃混交林(Malus pumila Mill.+Prunus pseudocerasus(Lindl.)G.Don)(PY)、板栗+花椒混交林(Castanea mollissima Blume+Zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim.)(BH)4种经济林种植模式为研究对象,以荒草地(CK)作为对照,测定分析土壤容重、孔隙度和蓄水量等水分物理指标,以及土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和速效养分等养分指标,采用主成分分析和模糊数学隶属函数法综合评价其改良土壤效应。[结果](1)经济林种植可提高土壤孔隙度和蓄水性能。与CK相比,4种经济林种植模式可降低土壤容重7.3%~22.1%,提高土壤毛管孔隙度14.2%~42.0%,提高土壤最大贮水量16.5%~43.8%。土壤持水性能表现为TS>PY>BH>SZ>CK。除PY外,其他经济林种植模式均可有效增加土壤涵蓄量与蓄涵降水量,表现为BH>TS>SZ>CK。经济林种植对0—20 cm土层涵蓄降水量与有效涵蓄量提高效果更明显,与0—20 cm土层相比,20—40 cm土层孔隙度与最大贮水量均有下降,TS变化幅度最小。(2)经济林种植可提高土壤有机碳和速效养分。与CK相比,4种经济林种植模式可提高土壤有机碳6.9%~270.4%,表现为TS>PY>BH>SZ>CK;土壤全氮和全磷含量表现为TS>PY>BH>SZ>CK。经济林种植对0—20 cm土层养分含量提高效果更明显,与0—20 cm土层相比,20—40 cm土层养分含量均有下降。(3)反映经济林种植模式改良土壤效应的指标可归纳为3类,一是土壤毛管持水特征和养分特征,二是土壤蓄水特征,三是土壤非毛管持水特征。[结论]不同经济林种植模式的土壤改良效应综合评价为桃树>板栗+花椒混交林>苹果+樱桃混交林>山楂纯林>荒草�[Objective] The aims of this study are to explore the effects of different economic forest planting modes on soil water physical properties and soil nutrients in central and southern Shandong,and to provide a basis for screening and planting management of soil and water conservation economic forest planting modes in this area.[Methods] Four kinds of economic forest planting modes in Menglianggu small watershed of Mengyin County,Linyi City,were selected as the research objects,including A.persica(TS),C.pinnatifida(SZ),M.pumila+P.pseudocerasus(PY),and C.mollissima+Z.bungeanum(BH),with wasteland(CK) as the control.The water physical indexes such as soil bulk density,porosity and water storage capacity,and the nutrient indexes such as soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and available nutrients were measured and analyzed.The soil improvement effect was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis and fuzzy mathematics membership function method.[Results](1) Economic forest planting could improve soil porosity and water storage performance.Compared with CK,the four economic forest planting patterns could reduce soil bulk density by 7.3%~22.1%,increase capillary porosity by 14.2%~42.0%,and increase soil maximum water storage by 16.5%~43.8%.The soil water holding capacity decreased in the order:TS>PY>BH>SZ>CK.In addition to PY,other economic forest planting patterns could effectively increase soil storage and storage precipitation,showing BH>TS>SZ>CK.The effect of economic forest planting on the storage precipitation and effective storage capacity of 0—20 cm soil layer was more obvious.Compared with 0—20 cm soil layer,the porosity and maximum water storage capacity of 20—40 cm soil layer decreased,and the change range of TS was the smallest.(2) Economic forest planting could improve soil organic carbon and available nutrients.Compared with CK,the four economic forest planting patterns could increase soil organic carbon by 6.9%~270.4%,which was expressed as TS>PY>BH>SZ>CK;the contents of

关 键 词：土壤水分物理 土壤有机碳 土壤养分 经济林 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S714.6[农业科学—林学]