高原鼠兔洞穴对土壤入渗的影响及机制  

Effect of Plateau Pika Caves on Soil Infiltration and Mechanism

作　　者：王迪 钱嘉鑫 朱妮 李珂欣 毛佳怡 赵理荣 刘玉[2,3,4] Wang Di;Qian Jiaxin;Zhu Ni;Li Kexin;Mao Jiayi;Zhao Lirong;Liu Yu(Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Ministry of Education,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2024年第5期243-249,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：青海省三江源二期工程科研项目(2019-S-1);国家自然科学基金项目(41907058)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究高原鼠兔洞穴对高寒草甸土壤入渗性能及其相关因素的影响,以揭示其对高寒草甸生态系统水分循环和土壤水文功能的潜在作用。[方法]以高寒草甸高原鼠兔洞穴不同部位作为研究对象,包括洞口(PE)与洞道(PB),对照为无高原鼠兔洞穴分布的未扰动高寒草甸(AM),用单环法对土壤入渗速率进行测定。[结果](1)高原鼠兔洞穴促进高寒草甸土壤入渗速率,相比于未扰动高寒草甸,洞口和洞道初始入渗速率分别升高377.63%和189.47%,稳定入渗速率分别升高314.29%和220.00%(p<0.05);(2)高原鼠兔洞穴破坏高寒草甸土壤结构,相比于原生高寒草甸,洞口表层土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度分别显著降低4.69%和16.27%,但非毛管孔隙度显著升高22.47%,洞口和洞道团聚体平均重量直径分别显著降低20.09%和9.45%,土壤有机质含量显著降低,各部位大小依次为未扰动高寒草甸>洞道>洞口(p<0.05);(3)高原鼠兔洞穴主要通过影响高寒草甸草毡层根系促进土壤入渗,根系生物量是影响初始入渗速率和稳定入渗速率的主导因子,标准化总效应分别为-0.717和-0.539。[结论]鼠兔洞穴一定程度上有利于高寒草甸生态系统的水分循环,但同时也破坏了高寒草甸原本的土壤结构,加剧高寒草甸退化风险。[Objective] The aims of this study are to investigate the effects of plateau sage grouse burrows on the infiltration performance of alpine meadow soils and its related factors,and to reveal its potential role on water cycling and soil hydrological functions in alpine meadow ecosystems.[Methods] Soil infiltration rates were measured by the single-loop method in different parts of alpine meadow plateau pika burrows,including the entrance(PE) and the burrow pathway(PB),and the control was an undisturbed alpine meadow(AM) with no distribution of plateau pika burrows.[Results](1) Compared with the native alpine meadow,the total porosity and capillary porosity of surface soil at the plateau pika cave entrance were significantly reduced by 4.69% and 16.27%,respectively,while the non-capillary porosity was significantly increased by 22.47%,and the mean weight diameters of aggregates at the entrance and burrow were significantly decreased by 20.09% and 9.45%,respectively.The soil organic matter content decreased significantly,and soil organic matter content of each part followed the order:native alpine meadow>burrow>entrance(p<0.05),(2) Compared with native alpine meadow,the initial infiltration rate of the cave entrance and burrow increased by 377.63% and 189.47%,respectively,and the stable infiltration rate increased by 314.29% and 220.00%(p<0.05).(3) Plateau pika caves promoted the soil infiltration performance mainly through the destruction of mattic layer roots,and root biomass was the dominant factor affecting initial and stable infiltration rates,with the standardized total effects of-0.717 and-0.539,respectively.To some extent,pika caves were conducive to the water conservation of alpine meadow ecosystem.[Conclusion] Sage-grouse burrows favor water circulation in alpine meadow ecosystems to a certain extent,but also damage the original soil structure of alpine meadows and exacerbate the risk of alpine meadow degradation.

关 键 词：高原鼠兔洞穴 土壤性质 土壤入渗 高寒草甸 三江源区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]