基于HAZOP和ALOHA的氯乙烯罐体泄漏风险及影响范围的研究  

Study on leakage risk and impact scope of vinyl chloride tank based on HAZOP and ALOHA

作　　者：屈姣 赵华丽 罗振敏 邓军 程方明 蒋萌 QU Jiao;ZHAO Huali;LUO Zhenmin;DENG Jun;CHENG Fangming;JIANG Meng(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054 [2]陕西省工业过程安全与应急救援工程技术研究中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《工业安全与环保》2024年第10期43-48,共6页Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(52104214);国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2021YFB4000905);陕西省教育厅青年创新团队科研计划项目(22JP049)。

摘　　要：以某化工厂氯乙烯泄漏爆炸事故为研究对象,通过危险和可操作性研究(HAZOP)方法对事故发生的重要环节进行简要分析,预判导致事故发生的危险来源,在此基础上,利用ALOHA事故模拟软件分析确定事故灾害的影响范围,基于伤害等级划分危险区域。结果表明,低压使升降罐体卡顿、倾斜从而导致罐体连接处破裂是造成氯乙烯泄漏的主要原因;氯乙烯泄漏会造成不同的事故后果,其中氯乙烯中毒范围最广,蒸汽云爆炸和沸腾液体膨胀蒸汽爆炸(BLEVE火球爆炸)热辐射造成的杀伤力最大;研究结果可为同类危险化学品企业的灾前隐患排查与风险防范和灾后应急响应提供工作指导。Taking a vinyl chloride leakage and explosion accident in a chemical plant as research object,a brief analy sis was conducted on the important links of the accident using the Hazard and Operability Study(HAZOP)method to predict the risk sources that led to the accident.Based on this,ALOHA accident simulation software was used to ana lyze and determine the impact range of the accident disaster,and hazardous areas were classified based on injury levels.The results show that the main cause of vinyl chloride leakage is the low pressure causing the lifting tank to become stuck and tilt,leading to the rupture of the tank connection.The leakage of vinyl chloride can lead to different accident consequences,with vinyl chloride poisoning having the widest range,and steam cloud explosions and boiling liquid expansion steam explosions(BLEVE fireball explosions)with the highest lethality caused by thermal radiation.This study can provide work guidance for the pre-disaster hazard investigation,risk prevention,and post disaster emergency response of similar hazardous chemical enterprises.

关 键 词：氯乙烯泄漏 HAZOP分析 ALOHA软件 风险分析 危险区域 应急响应 

分 类 号：TQ222.423[化学工程—有机化工] TQ086