历史进程视域下俄国社会医疗救助制度的嬗变  

Evolution of Russian Social HealthcareAssistance System From the Perspective of Historical Process

作　　者：梁红刚 任思洋 Liang Honggang;Ren Siyang(School of Foreign Languages,Changchun Normal University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]长春师范大学外国语学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《黑河学院学报》2024年第9期5-7,49,共4页Journal of Heihe University

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“俄国医学史(1581—1917)”(22FSSB020)。

摘　　要：俄国社会医疗救助制度的嬗变与其国家历史和医学史的发展进程密不可分。总体而言,俄国社会医疗救助制度演化经历了修道院医学、衙门医学和地方自治医学三个时期。三个时期负责社会医疗救助的机构分别是教会的修道院、社会救济衙门和地方自治机关。俄国社会医疗救助的对象是弱势群体,但每一时期对救助对象都有明确的界定,而且每个时期的医疗救助制度及产生的社会影响也不尽相同。免费医疗是社会医疗救助制度的基础,救助资金来源于地方税收和社会捐赠,或者来源于地方机关的信贷业务,而并非来自俄国政府的拨款。在地方自治医学时期,俄国社会医疗救助实行普惠制,所有农业居民都在医疗救助的范围之内。这一时期,俄国的社会医疗救助制度日臻完善,并得到欧洲一些国家的赞扬和效仿。The evolution of Russia’s social Healthcare assistance system is closely related to the development process of its national history and medical history.Generally speaking,the evolution of Russia’s social Healthcare assistance system has gone through three periods:monastery medicine,bureaucratic medicine and local self-government medicine.The institutions responsible for social healthcare assistance during the three periods are respectively the monasteries of the church,the social relief administrations,and local self-governing agencies.The targets of social healthcare assistance in Russia are vulnerable groups,but the beneficiaries of assistance are clearly defined in each period,and the healthcare assistance system and social impact generated during each period are also diff erent.Free medical care or preferential healthcare care is the basis of the social medical assistance system,and the assistance funds come from local taxes and social donations,or from credit business of local authorities,rather than funding from the Russian government.During the period of local self-government medicine,social healthcare assistance in Russia implemented a system of universal benefi t,and all agricultural residents were within the scope of medical assistance.During this period,Russia’s social medical assistance system gets increasingly perfect and gains praises and imitations by other European countries.

关 键 词：俄国 社会医疗 救助制度 修道院医学 衙门医学 地方自治医学 

分 类 号：F840.61[经济管理—保险]