消极的乌托邦:霍克海默技术批判思想的内在逻辑  

Negative Utopia: The Inner Logic in Horkheimer’s Criticism of Technology

作　　者：王勇刚 Wang Yonggang(School of Marxism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学马克思主义学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《黑河学院学报》2024年第9期42-45,共4页Journal of Heihe University

基　　金：2021年度安徽高校人文社会科学研究重点项目“百年来中国共产党对马克思劳动解放思想的理论贡献与实践探索”(SK2021A0078)。

摘　　要：霍克海默通过对技术统治阴暗面的揭示,指出技术统治的逻辑在于技术从一种工具转变为意识形态。而实证主义和工具化理性,作为支撑技术统治的理念,成为霍克海默技术批判的对象。受悲观主义哲学的影响,霍克海默认为,技术统治的趋势是不可避免的,任何的斗争实践只能走向自己的反面,最终成长为新的神话,因此,只能将希望寄托于弥赛亚的神学救赎,致使其技术批判最终走向了“消极的乌托邦”。但其理论归宿的消极性并不能抹杀其思想中的批判性,这种对科学技术永怀警惕的批判精神对当下科技伦理的建构尤为可贵。By revealing the dark side of technocratic rule,Horkheimer points out that the logic of technocratic rule lies in the transformation of technology from a tool into an ideology.Positivism and instrumental rationality,as the concepts supporting technological domination,have become the targets of Horkheimer’s technical criticism.However,infl uenced by the philosophy of pessimism,Horkheimer believes that the trend of technological domination is inevitable and that any struggle practice can only go to its own opposite and eventually grow into a new myth.Therefore,what he can only do is place his hope on the Messiah’s theological salvation,which leads his technical criticism to eventually move towards“negative utopia”.However,the negativity of his theoretical destiny cannot obliterate the critical nature of his thoughts.This critical spirit of ever-vigilance towards science and technology is particularly valuable for the construction of our current scientifi c and technological ethics.

关 键 词：霍克海默 科学技术 资本主义 工具理性 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]