轻罪治理视阈下前科制度的认知偏差与问题检视  

The Cognitive Bias and Problems of Criminal Record System Under the Perspective of Misdemeanor Management

作　　者：曹波 白琳 CAO Bo;BAI Lin(School of Law,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学法学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期45-52,共8页Journal of Qinghai Normal University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：贵州省2023年度社科规划一般课题“轻罪治理背景下帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪法律适用问题研究”(23GZYB150);贵州大学人文社科研究一般项目“兜底罪名视阈中‘帮信罪’法理诠释与司法适用研究”(GDYB2023015)。

摘　　要：前科制度是一项虽未被我国法律明文规定但在事实上存在的制度,前科制度的存废改革伴随轻罪治理的立法趋势再度成为热点话题。然而,当下对于前科制度存在认知偏差,特别是对前科制度会阻碍曾经犯罪人复归社会、加剧犯罪标签泛化等问题的批判,实际上并不能完全归咎于前科之过。不可否认前科制度存在前科报告责任机制阙如等弊端,但主流改革方案所提出的前科消灭亦缺乏必要性,前科制度的既有问题尚未严重至对其予以全盘否定的程度。前科制度内在之社会防卫的价值追求,其正当性基础在轻罪时代仍然历久弥坚。在轻罪治理视阈下,更为妥当的做法应当是在明确承认前科制度法律地位的情况下,采取渐次递进的方式对前科制度予以进一步完善和优化。Criminal record is a system which is not stipulated by our law but exists in fact.The reform of criminal record system becomes a hot topic again with the legislative trend of misdemeanor management.However,the current cognitive bias of the criminal record system,especially the criticism that the criminal record system will hinder the return of former criminals to society and aggravate the generalization of criminal labels,can not be entirely attributed to the criminal record.It is undeniable that the criminal record system has shortcomings such as lack of responsibility mechanism for criminal record reporting,but the elimination of criminal record proposed by the mainstream reform plan is also lack of necessity,and the existing problems of criminal record system are not serious enough to negate it completely.The value pursuit of social defense inherent in the criminal record system,its justification foundation is still enduring in the era of misdemeanors.Under the perspective of misdemeanor management,it is more appropriate to further perfect and optimize the criminal record system in a gradual way while clearly recognizing its legal status.

关 键 词：轻罪治理 前科 前科消灭 犯罪附随后果 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]