藜麦播期和密度对土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的影响  

Effects of quinoa sowing date and density on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure

作　　者：吴嘉宇 马学军[4] 刘文瑜[4,5] 王旺田 袁鹏飞[2] 杨发荣 WU Jiayu;MA Xuejun;LIU Wenyu;WANG Wangtian;YUAN Pengfei;YANG Farong(College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Arid Habitat Cropology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Institute of Animal Grass and Green Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Engineering Research Center of Quinoa Breeding and Cultivation Technology and Comprehensive Development of Gansu Province,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [5]甘肃省藜麦育种栽培技术及综合开发工程研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第10期46-58,共13页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660357);中央引导地方科技发展专项;甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(21JR7RA730);甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2022GASS07);甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划项目(2020GAAS31);兰州市科技计划项目(2021-1-168);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFWA0011);甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目(2023GAAS03)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析藜麦播期、密度对土壤养分、酶活性和微生物群落结构的影响,确定甘南地区藜麦的最佳播种期和播种密度,旨在为藜麦栽培制度的调整和藜麦产业的推广提供理论依据和科学参考。【方法】以藜麦品种‘陇藜5号’为材料,采用双因素随机区组设计,设播期和播种密度2个因素,其中播期设早播(5月15日播种,E),晚播(6月24日播种,L)2个水平;播种密度设低密度(1.2万株/hm^(2),D1)、中密度(1.6万株/hm^(2),D2)、高密度(2.0万株/hm^(2),D3)3个水平,进行完全组合设计,共6个处理,分别为早播低密度(ED1)、早播中密度(ED2)、早播高密度(ED3)、晚播低密度(LD1)、晚播中密度(LD2)和晚播高密度(LD3),分析不同处理藜麦的产量及其构成因子,测定不同处理藜麦根际土壤pH、养分含量以及土壤酶活性;采用Illumina-HiSeq高通量测序技术,分析不同处理藜麦根际土壤细菌群落结构组成和多样性,最后对不同处理藜麦土壤pH和养分含量、细菌群落相对丰度与酶活性的相关性进行了分析。【结果】播期、密度对藜麦产量及其构成因子有明显影响。各处理间主穗长差异不显著。6个处理中,LD1处理藜麦有效分枝数、千粒质量均最高,ED2和ED3处理总产量均较高。播期、密度对藜麦根际土壤pH无显著影响,但对土壤养分含量以及酶活性有明显影响。在相同密度下,无论是在分枝期还是在灌浆期,晚播藜麦根际土壤全磷、全钾、全氮和有机质含量总体高于早播处理。在相同密度下,分枝期晚播藜麦根际土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性总体高于早播处理,而早播处理土壤碱性磷酸酶活性低于晚播处理;灌浆期晚播藜麦根际土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性总体低于早播处理,晚播处理土壤蔗糖酶活性则高于早播处理。播期、密度对藜麦根际土壤细菌群落结构有明显影响。在分枝期,ED2处理Shannon指数�【Objective】The effects of quinoa sowing date and density on soil nutrients,enzyme activities and microbial community structure were analyzed,and the optimal sowing date and sowing density of quinoa in Gannan area were determined,aiming to provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference for the adjustment of quinoa cultivation system and the promotion of quinoa industry.【Method】Using quinoa variety‘Longquinoa No.5’as the material,a two-factor random block design was adopted,and two factors were set,including early sowing(sowing on May 15,E)and late sowing(sowing on June 24,L),and low density(1.2×104 plants/hm^(2),D1),medium density(1.6×104 plants/hm^(2),D2)and high density(2.0×104 plants/hm^(2),D3),a total of 6 treatments,namely early sowing low density(ED1),early sowing medium density(ED2),early sowing high density(ED3),late sowing low density(LD1),late sowing medium density(LD2)and late sowing low density(LD3),the yield and its constituent factors of different treatments of quinoa were analyzed,and the rhizosphere soil pH of different treatments was determined.Nutrient content and soil enzyme activity,Illumina-HiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition and diversity of bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of quinoa under different treatments,and finally the correlation between soil pH and nutrient content,relative abundance of bacterial community and enzyme activity was analyzed.【Result】Sowing date and density had significant effects on quinoa yield and its constituent factors.There was no significant difference in main panicle length among the treatments.Among the six treatments,the effective branch number and 1000-grain weight of quinoa in LD1 treatment were the highest,and the total yield of ED2 and ED3 treatments was higher.Sowing date and density had no significant effect on soil pH in the rhizosphere of quinoa,but had a significant effect on soil nutrient content and enzyme activity.At the same density,the contents of total phosphorus,total po

关 键 词：藜麦栽培 播期 密度 土壤养分 土壤微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学] S512.9[农业科学—作物学]