生物刺激素对烤烟根际微生态及烟叶品质的影响  

Impacts of biostimulants on rhizosphere microecology and leaf quality of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：王政[1] 欧清华[1] 冯烨君 吴彪 赵岂彬 邓泳[1] 李博 敖金成 WANG Zheng;OU Qinghua;FENG Yejun;WU Biao;ZHAO Qibin;DENG Yong;LI Bo;AO Jincheng(China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China;Luoping Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Qujing,Yunnan 655800,China;College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]广西中烟工业有限责任公司,广西南宁530001 [2]云南省烟草公司罗平县分公司,云南曲靖655800 [3]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第10期59-68,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：广西中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(GXZYCX2021B010);云南省农业联合专项面上项目(202301BD070001-103)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究生物刺激素在烤烟栽培上的应用效果,为植烟土壤改良及烟叶品质改善提供新的思路。【方法】采用大田试验,以常规施肥为对照(CK),在CK基础上设施用海藻酸(BS1)、古生物源生物刺激素(BS2)和矿源黄腐酸(BS3)3个生物刺激素处理,于烤烟盛花期取烟株根围土壤测定土壤理化性质(pH、阳离子交换量及有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量)、酶(蔗糖酶、硝酸还原酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶)活性及微生物群落多样性;于烤烟成熟时调查农艺性状(株高、茎围、有效叶片数、最大腰叶长、最大腰叶宽、顶叶长、顶叶宽、叶面积),并对上部叶(倒数第5~6片烟叶)进行标识,调制后进行化学成分(总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮、钾、氯、淀粉含量,糖碱比、氮碱比、钾氯比)测算,分析3种生物刺激素对植烟土壤微生态环境及烟叶品质的影响。【结果】与CK相比,BS1和BS3处理不同程度提高了植烟土壤氮、磷、钾速效养分含量及阳离子交换量,极显著提高了土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性;明显提高土壤优势菌门奇古菌门(Thaumarchaeota)和根肿黑粉菌门(Entorrhizomycota)的相对丰度,以及优势菌属根肿黑粉菌属(Entorrhiza)的相对丰度,而降低子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的相对丰度;BS3处理土壤细菌、真菌群落的丰富度和多样性及其功能代谢途径丰度均高于CK、BS1和BS2处理;施用生物刺激素可促进烤烟生长发育和烟叶开片,其中BS3处理有利于提高烟叶化学成分适宜性和协调性。【结论】矿源黄腐酸处理改良土壤、促进烤烟生长及提升烟叶品质的综合效应较优,是适合烤烟施用的生物刺激素。【Objective】This study explored the application efficacy of biostimulants in flue-cured tobacco cultivation to provide new approaches for enhancing tobacco soil and leaf quality.【Method】Field experiments were conducted,with conventional fertilization as the control(CK),and three biostimulants,including alginate(BS1),paleontological biostimulant(BS2),and mineral-derived biostimulant(BS3),were applied to the soil on the basis of CK.The soil surrounding the roots of flue-cured tobacco plants were collected during the flowering stage to assess the physical and chemical properties,encompassing pH,cation exchange capacity,the content of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed N,availability P and availability K,activity of sucrase,nitrate reductase,catalase and urease enzymes,as well as microbial community diversity;At the maturity stage of flue-cured tobacco,agronomic traits including plant height,stem circumference,effective leaf count,maximum waist leaf length and width,apical leaf length and width were assessed.The fifth to sixth upper leaves were selected for chemical composition total sugar(TS),reduced sugar,nicotine(NIC),total N(TN),K,Cl,starch content,and calculating TS/NIC,TN/NIC,K/Cl after modulation to investigate the impact of three biostimulants on soil micro-ecological environment and leaf quality.【Result】Compared with CK,BS1 and BS3 treatments exhibited varying increases in the availability of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium as well as cation exchange capacity(CEC)in tobacco root soil.These treatments significantly increased activities of soil sucrase and urease.The relative abundance of dominant soil bacterial phyla Thaumaacchaeota and Entorrhizomycota,as well as dominant fungal genus Entorrhiza was significantly increased,while that of Ascomycota and Fusarium was decreased.The richness and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities and the abundance of their functional metabolic pathways in BS3 treatment were significantly higher than other treatments.The application of biostimulants enha

关 键 词：生物刺激素 植烟土壤 根际微生态 烟草栽培 烟叶品质 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]