西伯利亚杏小孢子发育时期与花器官形态关系研究  

Relationships between microspore periods and floral organ morphology of Prunus sibirica

作　　者：王新鑫 陈建华 王蓬锴 刘权钢 董胜君[1] WANG Xinxin;CHEN Jianhua;WANG Pengkai;LIU Quangang;DONG Shengjun(College of Forestry,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学林学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第10期91-100,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目“特色经济林高效育种技术与品种创制”(2019YFD1001200);辽宁山杏种质资源保存与育种国家长期科研基地运行补助项目(2020132519)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究西伯利亚杏小孢子不同发育时期的细胞学特征,揭示小孢子发育时期与花器官形态的关系,为西伯利亚杏生殖生物学研究和种质创新提供科学依据。【方法】以西伯利亚杏雄性不育和可育系的花蕾为研究对象,采用石蜡切片技术和改良醋酸洋红染色技术观测不同发育时期小孢子的形态,并对其花器官形态进行表型观测和分析。【结果】西伯利亚杏的小孢子发育时期包括四分体时期、小孢子时期和成熟期,其中小孢子时期包括单核期(单核早期、单核中期、单核靠边期)和双核期(双核早期、双核中期、双核晚期),各发育时期的细胞学特征明显。在双核早期,雄性不育系的小孢子因未能完成有丝分裂而发育异常,但花器官发育无异常。西伯利亚杏的花蕾横径、花蕾纵径、花药横径和花药纵径随小孢子发育时期的推进而逐渐增大。小孢子时期与花器官形态特征存在对应关系,依花蕾横径、花药横径和花药纵径可区分双核早期至双核晚期的小孢子,依花萼颜色可区分单核中期与单核靠边期的小孢子,再结合小孢子直径可区分单核早期至双核早期的小孢子。在双核早期,西伯利亚杏雄性不育和可育系的花蕾横径分别为3.36和3.34 mm,花药纵径分别为0.95和0.96 mm,花药横径均为0.73 mm,小孢子直径均为28.90μm。【结论】西伯利亚杏花蕾横径、花药横径、花药纵径和花萼颜色与小孢子时期存在对应关系,能够作为划分小孢子时期的重要依据。【Objective】This study explored the cytological characteristics of different developmental stages of Prunus sibirica microspores and revealed the relationships between microspore periods and floral organ morphology to provide basis for reproductive biology research and germplasm innovation of Prunus sibirica.【Method】The flower buds of male sterile and fertile lines of Prunus sibirica were selected as the research subjects.The paraffin section technique and modified carmine acetate staining technique were used to observe morphology of microspores at various development stages.Phenotypic observation and analysis of flower organ morphology were also conducted during corresponding periods.【Result】The microspore development periods of Prunus sibirica included tetrad stage,microspore period and mature stage.The microspore period included uninucleate stage(early-uninucleate stage,mid-uninucleate stage,late-uninucleate stage)and binucleate stage(early-binucleate stage,middle-binucleate stage,late-binucleate stage)with distinct cytological features in each stage.In the early-binucleate stage,the microspores of the male sterile line were abnormal due to the failure to complete mitosis,but there was no abnormality in the development of floral organs.The bud transverse diameter,bud longitudinal diameter,anther transverse diameter and anther longitudinal diameter gradually increased with the advance of microspore development stage in Prunus sibirica.There were corresponding relationships between microspore periods and morphological characteristics of floral organs.The bud transverse diameter,anther transverse diameter and anther longitudinal diameter were utilized to differentiate microspores between various microspore stages ranging from early-binucleate stage to late-binucleate stage.The color of calyx was employed to differentiate microspores between mid-uninucleate stage and late-uninucleate stage.Additionally,microspore diameter distinguished different stages of microspores from early-uninucleate stage to earl

关 键 词：西伯利亚杏 小孢子发育时期 花器官形态 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]