黄土丘陵沟壑区降雨特征对不同土地利用类型坡面产流产沙的影响  

Effects of rainfall characteristics in loess hilly and gully areas on runoff and sediment production on slopes of different land use types

作　　者：石默杰 杨光 薛艳春 吴际 思彩花 刘一 SHI Mojie;YANG Guang;XUE Yanchun;WU Ji;SI Caihua;LIU Yi(Desert Management College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China;Inner Mongolia Hangjin Desert Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017400,China;Central and Local Joint Construction of the Key Laboratories of Wind and Sand Physics,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;Ordos Forestry and Grassland Development Center,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017010,China;Hulunbuir Water Conservancy Development Center,Hulunbuir,Inner Mongolia 021000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古杭锦荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017400 [3]中央与地方共建风沙物理重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [4]鄂尔多斯市林业和草原事业发展中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010 [5]呼伦贝尔市水利事业发展中心,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第10期101-109,118,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“黄土丘陵沟壑区智慧水土保持技术”(2021GG0070)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究黄土丘陵沟壑区降雨特征及其对不同土地利用类型坡面产流产沙的影响。【方法】2019-2021年,以内蒙古达拉特旗合同沟小流域为研究区,设置5个不同土地利用类型(裸地、天然草地、灌木林地、农地、乔木林地)径流小区,监测研究区的降雨特征指标(降雨量、降雨历时、30 min最大降雨强度(I 30)、平均降雨强度、降雨侵蚀力),利用K-均值聚类法,以研究区的降雨特征指标为变量,对合同沟小流域的侵蚀性降雨进行分类;计算不同土地利用类型径流小区的径流深和土壤流失量,分析不同土地利用类型和不同降雨类型对坡面产流产沙的影响,最后分析了合同沟小流域降雨特征与不同土地利用类型坡面总径流深和总土壤流失量的相关性。【结果】(1)2019-2021年,合同沟小流域降雨分布不均匀,共发生降雨128次,其中侵蚀性降雨51次,侵蚀性降雨量占总降雨量的80.2%,且侵蚀性降雨主要集中在6-8月。(2)将侵蚀性降雨分为3类:Ⅰ类降雨(大雨量、长历时、高强度);Ⅱ类降雨(中雨量、中历时、中强度)和Ⅲ类降雨(小雨量、短历时、低强度)。与Ⅱ类降雨和Ⅲ类降雨相比,Ⅰ类降雨发生的频次较低,但其平均降雨侵蚀力较强;在同一土地利用类型下,Ⅰ类降雨造成的坡面径流深和土壤流失量均明显较大。(3)2019-2021年,不同土地利用类型径流小区坡面产流产沙特征差异明显,总径流深和总土壤流失量由大到小依次为裸地>农地>天然草地>灌木林地>乔木林地。(4)各降雨特征指标与不同土地利用类型的坡面总径流深和总土壤流失量均呈正相关关系,其中降雨量、降雨强度和I_(30)的影响较大。【结论】在黄土丘陵沟壑区,降雨量、降雨强度和I_(30)是影响坡面产流产沙的最主要指标,天然草地、乔木林地、灌木林地的减流减沙效益较好,可知农地退耕还林还草工程是减少土壤侵蚀的有�【Objective】This study explored the rainfall characteristics in loess hilly and gully regions and their impacts on runoff and sediment production on slopes of different land use types.【Method】From 2019 to 2021,runoff plots were set up in five different land use types including bare land,natural grassland,shrubland,farmland,and arbor land in the Hetonggou small watershed of Dalate Banner,Inner Mongolia.The rainfall characteristic indicators including rainfall,rainfall duration,maximum 30 minute rainfall intensity(I 30),average rainfall intensity and rainfall erosivity were monitored.K-means clustering analysis was conducted using the rainfall characteristic indicators as variables to classify the erosive rainfalls.Then,the runoff depth and soil loss of different land use types in runoff plots were calculated,the impacts of different land use types and rainfall types on slope runoff and sediment production were analyzed,and the correlations of rainfall characteristics with total runoff depth and soil loss were evaluated.【Result】(1)From 2019 to 2021,the distribution of rainfalls in the Hetonggou small watershed was uneven,with a total of 128 rainfall occurrences,including 51 erosive rainfalls,accounting for 80.2% of the total.Erosive rainfalls were mainly concentrated from June to August.(2)Erosive rainfalls were divided into three categories of type Ⅰ(heavy rainfall,long duration and high intensity),type Ⅱ(moderate rainfall,moderate duration and moderate intensity)and type Ⅲ(small rainfall,short duration and low intensity).Compared with type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ,type Ⅰ rainfalls had a lower frequency of occurrence,but its average rainfall erosion was stronger.Under the same land use types,the depth of slope runoff and soil loss caused by type Ⅰ rainfalls were significantly greater.(3)From 2019 to 2021,there were significant differences in the total runoff and sediment production characteristics of different land use types of runoff communities on slopes.The total runoff depth and total soil loss,in

关 键 词：黄土丘陵沟壑区 土地利用 坡面产流产沙 水土保持 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]