生物炭替代草炭对金盏菊生长和观赏性状的影响  

Effect of biochar substituting peat on growth and ornamental characters of Calendula officinalis

作　　者：徐嘉宁 唐姗姗 罗弦 王楚侨 王晓莉 XU Jianing;TANG Shanshan;LUO Xian;WANG Chuqiao;WANG Xiaoli(College of Horticulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第10期119-126,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：四川省衔接推进乡村振兴科技项目(2022ZHXC0097);四川农业大学专业建设计划项目(202103123)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究生物炭替代草炭用于金盏菊栽培的可行性。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以草炭、珍珠岩和蛭石复配基质为对照(CK),设置5%(BS5)、10%(BS10)、15%(BS15)、20%(BS20)的生物炭等量替代草炭4个处理,分析金盏菊生长及观赏性状的变化及其与基质性质的相关关系。【结果】生物炭替代草炭后促进了金盏菊的生长,改善了其观赏性状,其中BS5~BS20处理的根系干质量和地上部干质量分别为对照的1.90~3.31倍和1.77~2.38倍,BS10~BS20处理的类胡萝卜素含量为对照的1.76~6.90倍;隶属函数分析表明,BS15处理金盏菊的生长和观赏性状最好。与对照相比,添加生物炭后复配基质的总孔隙度提高了4.14%~15.26%,速效磷和速效钾含量分别提高了39.33%~148.68%和335.07%~850.25%;蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性分别提高了12.86%~35.24%,14.85%~65.24%和18.95%~33.33%。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,影响金盏菊生长和观赏性状的复配基质的主要理化性质因素分别是速效磷、体积质量和通气孔隙度,主要生物学性质因素是磷酸酶活性、脲酶活性、微生物生物量氮和真菌。【结论】5%~20%的生物炭替代草炭作为基质栽培金盏菊是可行的;生物炭通过改善复配基质的理化性质和生物学性质,促进了金盏菊的生长,观赏价值也得到了提升。【Objective】The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of biochar replacing peat in the cultivation of Calendula officinalis.【Method】The pot experiment was conducted for 4 treatments of replacing 5%(BS5),10%(BS10),15%(BS15),and 20%(BS20)peat with biochar using a compound substrate of peat,perlite,and vermiculite as the control(CK).The changes in growth and ornamental characteristics of Calendula officinalis and their correlation with substrate properties were analyzed.【Result】The growth of Calendula officinalis was promoted and its ornamental characters were improved after partial replacement of peat with biochar.The shoot dry weight and root dry weight of BS5-BS20 treatments were 1.90-3.31 and 1.77-2.38 times higher than those of CK,respectively.The carotenoids contents of BS10-BS20 treatments were 1.76-6.90 times higher than those of CK.The membership function analysis showed that growth and ornamental characters of Calendula officinalis were the best under BS15 treatment.Adding biochar increased total porosity of the compound substrate by 4.14%-15.26% and increased contents of available phosphorus and potassium by 39.33%-148.68% and 335.07%-850.25%,respectively.The activities of sucrase,urease and phosphatase were increased by 12.86%-35.24%,14.85%-65.24% and 18.95%-33.33%,respectively.Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that main physical and chemical factors affecting growth and ornamental characters of Calendula officinalis were available phosphorus,bulk density,and aeration pores.The main biological factors were phosphatase activity,urease activity,microbial biomass nitrogen,and fungi.【Conclusion】It was feasible to replace 5%-20% peat with biochar to cultivate Calendula officinalis.Biochar promoted the growth of Calendula officinalis and enhanced its ornamental value by improving physical,chemical and biological properties of the compound substrate.

关 键 词：金盏菊 生物炭 草炭 观赏性状 花卉栽培 

分 类 号：S681.7[农业科学—观赏园艺]