关于黄河与河套古湖河湖关系演变的假说性分析——兼论对黄河内蒙古段生态治理的启示  

A Hypothetical Analysis of the Evolution of the River-lake Relationship between the Yellow River and Ancient Hetao Lake:The Enlightenment to the Ecological Governance of the Inner Mongolia Section of the Yellow River

作　　者：荣朝和[1] RONG Chao-he(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044

出　　处：《北京交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期161-174,共14页Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：黄河曾经在流经河套盆地过程中形成吉兰泰、乌兰布和、巴彦淖尔、呼包4个古湖,且在高湖面时期连成统一的“河套古大湖”,其后4湖分离并分别演绎了自己的河湖关系。在研习前人相关成果基础上,通过建立整体假说性解释框架,试图按照历史顺序与逻辑顺序统一的要求对该河段河湖关系的演变过程进行重建,并为与之相关的生态系统的治理提供借鉴。研究认为:主河道构建是黄河主动实施填湖、建堤、造槽并“甩湖”的过程与结果;冲积扇是黄河填湖的主要模式,而冲积扇顶附近凸起则是湖口淤塞、移动并最终筑成黄河自然堤的主要原因;巴彦木仁与磴口两地控制点对形成鄂尔多斯一侧黄河主河道起到了关键性作用;黄河西派在高湖面期间从巴彦木仁湖口注入吉兰泰-乌兰布和古湖,与从北面入湖的黄河水共同促成贺日木西尼古砂嘴及其延伸砂脊生长,并在低湖面期将这两个湖分离。基于对所述黄河历史过往的认识,须尽可能立足高效集成利用有限水资源这一观念,将减灾与适度重造沿河湖泊和绿洲结合,营建可持续的内蒙古段黄河生态体系。In the process of flowing through the Hetao Basin,the Yellow River once formed four ancient lakes:Jilantai Lake,Ulanbuhe Lake,Bayannur Lake and Huhe-Baotou Lake.In the period of high lake level,the four lakes formed a unified“Ancient Hetao Lake”,after that the four lakes separated and developed their own river-lake relationship respectively.This paper fully studies the previous achievements and establishes an overall hypothesis explanation framework to reconstruct as far as possible the evolution process of the river-lake relationship in Inner Mongolia section,which is unified in historical and logical order,and provides reference for the governance of related ecosystems.The study shows the following findings:The construction of the main river channel was the process and result of the proactive lake filling,dike building,trough building and“getting rid of lake”by Yellow River;Alluvial fans were the main mode of lake filling for the Yellow River,and the bulges near the apex of alluvial fans were the main cause for lake entrance silting and moving and the final formation of the natural dike of the Yellow River;The two control points,Bayanmuren and Dengkou,play key roles in forming the main channel of the Yellow River on the Ordos side;During the period of high lake level,the Western Flow of the Yellow River from the lake mouth of Bayanmuren into the Jilantai-Ulanbuhe Lake,with the river water from the north to the lake together,contributed to the growth of the ancient Herimusini sand spit and its extension sand ridge,and once separated the two latter lakes during the period of low lake level.In view of the understanding of the historical past of Yellow River,we should,based on the concept of efficient and integrated use of limited water resources where possible,build a sustainable Yellow River ecosystem in Inner Mongolia by combining disaster mitigation with the moderate reconstruction of lakes and oases along the river.

关 键 词：黄河 内蒙古河段 河套古湖 河湖关系 构建主河道 生态治理 

分 类 号：P53[天文地球—古生物学与地层学] X321[天文地球—地质学]