基于原子天线的低频电场量子精密测量和应用  

Atomic-antenna-based quantum precision measurement of low-frequency electric fields and applications

作　　者：杜艺杰 吕子瑶 胡伟东[2] 何军[3] 刘志慧 董涛[1] 金世超[1] DU Yijie;LYU Ziyao;HU Weidong;HE Jun;LIU Zhihui;DONG Tao;JIN Shichao(State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology,Space Star Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100095,China;School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices,Institute of Opto-Electronics,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]航天恒星科技有限公司天地一体化信息技术国家重点实验室,北京100095 [2]北京理工大学集成电路与电子学院,北京100081 [3]山西大学光电研究所,量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室,山西太原030006

出　　处：《量子电子学报》2024年第5期701-712,共12页Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62331027)。

摘　　要：基于原子系综的量子精密测量体系具有高准确和高稳定的特点,是未来先进测量体系的发展方向之一。其中,基于里德堡原子的电场测量具有高灵敏、超宽带以及优异的电气隔离等特性,近年来受到广泛关注。然而,当前基于里德堡原子的电场量子精密测量研究多集中于微波频段,GHz以下的低频电场测量研究较少。鉴于DC~MHz频段电场的高灵敏探测在地球物理、生物传感、国防通信、太空探索等方面具有重要的科学意义和应用价值,本文梳理了DC~MHz频段的新型天线研究进展,综述了近年来原子天线技术的发展趋势,概述了基于里德堡原子的低频电场测量原理,并分析讨论了原子天线在灵敏度、瞬时带宽等关键性能指标方面的提升方案及在未来低频探测领域的潜在应用。The quantum precision measurement system based on atomic ensembles possesses high accuracy and stability,making it one of the directions for the development of advanced measurement systems in the future.Among them,electric field measurements based on Rydberg atoms exhibit characteristics such as high sensitivity,ultra-wideband capability,and excellent electrical isolation,and have gained widespread attention in recent years.However,current research on electric field quantum precision measurement based on Rydberg atoms is mainly focused on the microwave frequency range,with limited studies on low-frequency electric field measurements below GHz.Given the significant scientific and practical value of high-sensitivity detection in DC-MHz frequency range electric fields in many areas such as geophysical exploration,biosensing,defense communication,and space exploration,this article reviews the recent progress in novel antenna research in the DC-MHz frequency range,summarizes the development trends of atomic antenna technology in recent years,outlines the principles of low-frequency electric field measurement based on Rydberg atoms,and discusses the potential improvement strategies for key performance indicators such as sensitivity and instantaneous bandwidth of atomic antennas,as well as their potential applications in the field of low-frequency detection in the future.

关 键 词：量子信息 量子精密测量 里德堡原子 原子天线 低频电磁场 

分 类 号：O431.2[机械工程—光学工程]