渤海湾滨海湿地互花米草分布与扩散特征  

Distribution and diffusion characteristics of Spartina Alterniflora in the coastal wetlands of the Bohai Bay

作　　者：程林[1,2,3,4] 刘西汉 高翔[3,4] 高玥 肖登攀 CHENG Lin;LIU Xihan;GAO Xiang;GAO Yue;XIAO Dengpan(School of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction,Shijiazhuang 050024,China;Institute of Geographical Science,Hebei Academy of Science,Shijiazhuang 050011,China;Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Geographic Information Application,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学地理科学学院,石家庄050024 [2]河北省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室,石家庄050024 [3]河北省科学院地理科学研究所,石家庄050011 [4]河北省地理信息开发应用技术创新中心,石家庄050011

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第18期8247-8257,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：河北省“三三三”人才工程资助项目(A202101047);河北省科学院两院合作项目(23105);河北省社会科学发展研究课题(20210201087);河北省重点研发计划项目(22373301D)。

摘　　要：渤海湾是中国互花米草分布与扩散的最北部区域。为全面了解渤海湾互花米草扩散状况,基于近20年10m分辨率多源遥感数据、随机森林分类模型及Google Earth Engine(GEE)遥感云平台,对渤海湾互花米草进行遥感分类识别,基于识别结果对渤海湾互花米草扩散的时空特征阶段特征、扩散模式、扩散影响因素及扩散的生态环境响应进行探讨,以期为渤海湾互花米草治理及滨海湿地科学管理提供数据支撑。结果显示,近20年渤海湾互花米草面积增速达21.62hm^(2)/a,扩散速率达8.85%,在时间上仍处于快速扩散阶段,在空间上呈由天津海河口一带向南北两侧扩散的趋势。互花米草出现快速扩散的主要区域为围填海形成的半封闭潮滩、河口湿地及退养还滩区域,其景观扩张模式由飞地式扩张向边缘式扩张演变,近年来逐渐向填充式扩张发展。渤海湾互花米草的快速扩散基于其在高纬度地区遗传发育的特殊优势上,但更多受到区域内大规模围填海开发、不适当的退养还滩工程等因素对于潮滩快速促淤的影响。互花米草扩散有防浪减灾的积极作用,也有挤占鸟类栖息地等不利影响。对渤海湾互花米草治理需考虑其综合影响和迫切需求,科学合理地制定具体治理方案。The Bohai Bay is the northernmost region in China where Spartina alterniflora is distributed and diffused.To comprehensively understand the status of S.alterniflora diffusion in the Bohai Bay,based on nearly 20 years of 10-meter resolution multi-source remote sensing data,the random forest classification model,and the Google Earth Engine(GEE)remote sensing cloud platform,the classification and identification of S.alterniflora in the Bohai Bay were conducted using remote sensing techniques.The spatial and temporal characteristics of S.alterniflora diffusion,diffusion patterns,influencing factors,and ecological and environmental responses to diffusion were discussed with the aim of providing data support for the management of S.alterniflora in the Bohai Bay and scientific management of coastal wetlands.The results showed that the annual growth rate of S.alterniflora in the Bohai Bay reached 21.62 hm^(2)/a and the diffusion rate reached 8.85%in the past 20 years,which was still in a rapid diffusion stage in time,and showed a trend of spreading from the Tianjin Haihe River Estuary to the north and south in space.The main areas where S.alterniflora rapidly spread were semi-enclosed tidal flats formed by reclamation,estuarine wetlands,and tidal flats formed by aquaculture withdrawal.The landscape expansion pattern of S.alterniflora has evolved from outlying to edge expansion and gradually to infilling in recent years.The rapid spread of S.alterniflora in the Bohai Bay based on its special advantages of genetic development in the high latitude area,but it was more affected by the large-scale reclamation in the region,inappropriate reclamation projects and other factors on the rapid silting of tidal flat.The spread of S.alterniflora had positive effects on wave prevention and disaster reduction,but also had adverse effects such as crowding birds′habitat.It is necessary to consider the comprehensive effects and urgent needs of S.alterniflora in the Bohai Bay and formulate specific management plans scientifically and rea

关 键 词：渤海湾 互花米草 Google Earth Engine(GEE) 随机森林 扩散 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]