宁夏设施栽培对土壤真菌群落结构和功能的影响  

Effects of facility cultivation on soil fungal community structure and function in Ningxia

作　　者：谢祎 闫元元 田兴武 曲继松[2] 张丽娟[2] 朱倩楠[2] 赵军 张金波[1,4,5] 蔡祖聪 黄新琦[1,4,5] XIE Yi;YAN Yuanyuan;TIAN Xingwu;QU Jisong;ZHANG Lijuan;ZHU Qiannan;ZHAO Jun;ZHANG Jinbo;CAI Zucong;HUANG Xinqi(School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Ningxia Wuzhong National Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Committee,Wuzhong 751199,China;Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Soil Utilization&Sustainable Agriculture,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [2]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,银川750002 [3]宁夏吴忠国家农业科技园区管理委员会,吴忠751199 [4]江苏省土壤利用与农业可持续发展工程研究中心,南京210023 [5]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第18期8383-8396,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学联合基金重点支持项目(U21A20226)。

摘　　要：为研究集约化设施栽培对土壤真菌群落结构和功能的影响,本研究选取宁夏设施蔬菜集约种植区采集设施栽培土壤和临近的露天大田土壤,以露天大田土壤为对照。采用Illumina高通量测序结合FUNGuild工具,分析设施土壤与大田土壤真菌群落结构、多样性、功能类群及其主要影响因素的差异。结果表明:(1)设施栽培导致了土壤真菌群落α多样性的降低,与大田土壤相比,设施土壤Pielou均匀度指数、Shannon多样性指数、平均最近分类单元距离和平均成对距离分别显著降低了20.54%、21.92%、29.82%和16.35%;(2)设施栽培显著改变了土壤真菌群落组成与结构,且该变化具有地区化差异,设施土壤中赤霉菌属(Gibberella)、鬼伞属(Coprinellus)等真菌属相对丰度显著降低,闭小囊菌属(Kernia)、腐质霉属(Humicola)、小囊菌属(Microascus)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和新赤壳属(Neocosmospora)等真菌属相对丰度显著增加;(3)设施栽培降低了土壤真菌网络的复杂性和稳定性。与大田土壤相比,设施土壤真菌共现网络节点数、边数、直径、平均度、平均路径长度、聚类系数和模块化程度分别降低了30.20%、79.68%、45.57%、70.89%、37.26%、47.43%和10.00%,鲁棒性降低43.75%,最大易损度增加72.51%;(4)设施栽培显著改变了土壤真菌功能类群的组成与结构,病理营养型、共生营养型、病理-腐生营养型真菌和丛枝菌根真菌相关功能类群在设施土壤中相对丰度显著降低,病理-腐生-共生营养型真菌和植物病原真菌相关功能类群在设施土壤中显著富集;(5)设施栽培改变了影响土壤真菌群落多样性的关键环境因子,年均温是设施土壤真菌群落多样性最重要的影响因素,硝态氮是大田土壤真群落多样性最重要的影响因素。本研究结果有助于深入了解高强度人为干扰下的设施栽培对土壤真菌群落结构和功能的影响,为设施土壤可持续利用提供�This study investigated the impact of intensive facility cultivation on the structure and function of the soil fungal community.Soil samples were collected from areas cultivated within facilities and from neighboring open field soils in intensive vegetable planting regions in Ningxia,with the latter serving as the control group.Illumina high-throughput sequencing,in combination with the FUNGuild tool,was utilized to examine the variations in fungal community structure,diversity,functional groups,and the primary influencing factors between open field and facility soil.Results highlighted that:(1)Facility cultivation has resulted in a decrease of alpha diversity in soil fungal communities.In comparison with the open field soil,the Pielou evenness index,Shannon diversity index,mean nearest taxon distance,and mean pairings distance of the fungal communities in facility soil exhibited significant decrease of 20.54%,21.92%,29.82%,and 16.35%,respectively.(2)The soil fungal community composition and structure were notably influenced by facility cultivation,displaying distinct regional variations.The relative abundances of fungal genera such as Gibberella and Coprinellus decreased significantly in the facility soil,while Kernia,Humicola,Microascus,Fusarium,and Neocosmospora exhibited a notable increase.(3)Facilities cultivation diminishes the complexity and stability of soil fungal networks.In comparison with the field soil,the facility soil exhibited a decrease in the node number,edge number,diameter,average degree,average path length,clustering coefficient,and modularity of the fungal network by 30.20%,79.68%,45.57%,70.89%,37.26%,47.43%,and 10.00%,respectively.Additionally,the Robustness decreased by 43.75%,and the maximum vulnerability increased by 72.51%.(4)Facility cultivation brought about significant c hanges in the composition and structure of soil fungal functional groups.The relative abundance of functional groups linked to pathotroph,symbiotroph,and pathotroph-saprotroph fungi,as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal

关 键 词：设施栽培 真菌群落结构 多样性 功能预测 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]