高寒山区生长季土壤水分时空变异特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics of spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture during the growing season in the mountainous alpine area and its influencing factors

作　　者：徐斌 何宝军 李宗杰 刘晓颖 刘梦晴 桂娟 张百娟 王东鹏 XU Bin;HE Baojun;LI Zongjie;LIU Xiaoying;LIU Mengqing;GUI Juan;ZHANG Baijuan;WANG Dongpeng(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park by Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine region/Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Civil-Military Integration Center of China Geological Survey,Chengdu 610036,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州730050 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,高寒山区同位素生态水文与国家公园观测研究站/干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,兰州730000 [3]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [4]中国地质调查局军民融合地质调查中心,成都610036

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第18期8397-8408,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFFA0062);国家自然科学基金(42367010);国家自然科学基金区域发展联合基金重点项目(U22A20592);兰州理工大学红柳优秀人才支持计划。

摘　　要：土壤水分是高寒山区生态环境稳定与否的重要反馈。了解高寒山区土壤水分的时空变异特征有利于优化对水资源的管理,对进一步保护当地脆弱的生态环境具有重要意义。在2023年的5—10月对典型高寒山区(沙柳河流域)进行了土壤水分的连续定点观测,共设置8个不同样地,基于各样地间的主要差异,选择植被类型、坡向和海拔做为主要控制对象,探究不同植被类型、坡向和海拔高度对高寒山区土壤水分的时空变异特征的影响。研究发现:不同植被类型下的土壤水分差异较小,植被类型对土壤水分的时空变化特征影响较弱;坡向对土壤水分的影响明显,阴坡比阳坡土壤水分条件更优,波动变化更小;3500—3600 m海拔区间内,阴坡在生长季中期的土壤水分低于阳坡,不同坡向的土壤水分在表层0—20 cm具有明显的差异;3600—3700 m海拔区间内,阴坡在生长季后期的土壤水分低于阳坡,不同坡向的土壤水分在深度0—40 cm土层具有明显的差异;生长季内各海拔区间的土壤含水量从大到小依次为:3900—4000 m>3700—3800 m>3300—3400 m>3500—3600 m;生长季内各海拔区间土壤水分的变异系数从大到小依次为3900—4000 m>3300—3400 m>3700—3800 m>3500—3600 m;海拔对0—40 cm土层土壤水分的影响程度较高,从大到小依次为:30—40 cm土层>0—10 cm土层>10—20 cm土层>20—30 cm土层,但40—60 cm土层的土壤水分对海拔的响应程度较弱。Soil moisture is an important feedback for the stability of the ecological environment in the mountainous alpine area.Understanding the characteristics of spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture in alpine mountains is helpful to optimize water resources management,and is of great significance to further protect the local fragile ecological environment.From May to October 2023,continuous fixed-point observation of soil moisture was conducted at 8 sites in the Shaliu River Basin,a typical mountainous alpine area.Based on the main differences among different sites,vegetation type,slope direction and altitude were selected as the main control objects to explore the effects of different vegetation types,slope direction and altitude on the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of soil moisture in the mountainous alpine area.The results indicated that there was minimal variation in soil water content among different vegetation types,and the influence of vegetation types on the temporal and spatial characteristics of soil water was limited;The influence of slope direction on soil moisture was obvious.The soil moisture condition of the shady slope was better than that of the sunny slope,and the fluctuation was smaller;In the altitude range of 3500—3600 m,the soil moisture on the shady slope during the mid-growing season was comparatively lower than that on the sunny slope,and there existed a significant variation in soil moisture among different slope directions within the surface layer(0—20 cm).In the altitude range of 3600—3700 m,during the late growing season,the soil moisture on the shady slope tended to be lower than that on the sunny slope,and there was a notable difference in soil moisture among various slope directions at depths ranging from 0 to 40 cm;During the growing season,the soil moisture content of each altitude interval followed this order from the highest to lowest:3900—4000 m>3700—3800 m>3300—3400 m>3500—3600 m,and the coefficient of variation of soil moisture of each altitud

关 键 词：土壤水分 时空变异特征 高寒山区 影响因素 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]