内填砂粒的桥梁钢管桩围堰船撞试验与模拟  

Ship Collision Test and Simulation of Bridge Steel-pipe-pile Cofferdam Filled with Sand Particles

作　　者：方海[1] 居慰 祝露[1] 张新晨 姚鹏飞 FANG Hai;JU Wei;ZHU Lu;ZHANG Xin-chen;YAO Peng-fei(School of Civil Engineering,Nanjing University of Technology,Nanjing 211816,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学土木工程学院,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2024年第9期83-95,共13页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52078248);江苏省科技计划专项资金(港澳台科技合作)项目(SBZ2024090200)。

摘　　要：为避免船舶与桥梁相撞威胁交通运输安全,提出一种设置在桥墩处的内填砂粒永临结合钢管桩围堰防撞设施。参照某桥梁工程,设计、制作缩尺比为1∶25的新型防船撞设施模型,进行水平撞击试验并对比分析有无防撞设施的桥墩模型在撞击荷载作用下撞深和撞击力时程曲线;采用非线性有限元模型,对桥墩撞击响应和破坏过程进行仿真模拟,并与试验结果进行对比,验证其有限元结果的可靠性;结合该实际工程,建立船-防撞设施-桥碰撞有限元模型,开展数值模拟研究,分别计算4组撞击工况中防撞设施对峰值撞击力的削减效率。研究结果表明:相比于无防撞设施的桥墩,新型防船撞设施模型受到撞击后,钢管桩围堰可有效保护船艏,对撞深削减率为34.25%;撞击力峰值和撞击深度的误差分别小于10%和5%,验证了有限元模型的精确性;随着船舶质量和撞击速度的增加,峰值撞击力削减率越大,其中200000 t级船舶以3.97 m·s^(-1)减载正撞SZ02#南塔,峰值撞击力削减率达38.11%。因此,内填砂粒耗能材料的钢管桩围堰防船撞设施可较好削力,减轻撞击过程中船舶、桥墩、防撞设施损伤程度,为实际桥梁防撞设计提供参考依据。A collision-avoidance facility consisting of an internal sand-filled permanent cofferdam combined with a steel pipe pile is proposed for installation at bridge piers to enhance transportation safety and prevent collisions between ships and bridges.This collision avoidance facility was designed and built considering a bridge at the scale of 1∶25.Horizontal impact tests were conducted to compare the depth of impact and impact force-time curves of scaled bridge piers with and without a collision avoidance facility under impact loading.Non-linear finite element models of the bridge pier were established to simulate the dynamic response and damage process,with the finite element results compared with experimental results to verify their reliability.Combined with the actual project,a finite element model of the collision avoidance facility was established,with numerical simulation studies conducted to calculate the reduction efficiency of the collision avoidance facility on the peak impact force under the four groups of working conditions.The research results show that,compared with a bare bridge pier,a steel-pipe-pile cofferdam can effectively protect the ship's bow after a collision,and the reduction rate of the collision depth is 34.25%.The errors in the peak impact force and impact depth were under 10%and 5%,respectively,thus confirming the accuracy of the finite element model.With the increase in mass and impact speed for the ship,the peak impact force reduction rate is larger,wherein the 200000 t ship with a 3.97 m·s^(-1) reduced load positively impacted the SZ02#south tower and the peak impact force reduction rate reached 38.11%.Therefore,a steel-pipe-pile cofferdam collision avoidance facility filled with energy-dissipating sand can better reduce the impact force and damage to the ship bow,bridge pier,and this facility during collisions,thus providing a reference for bridge collision-avoidance design.

关 键 词：桥梁工程 船桥碰撞 缩尺试验 钢管桩围堰 有限元模拟 防撞设施 

分 类 号：U443.26[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]