AMT半挂牵引车行驶工况构建与换挡场景分析  

Driving Cycle Construction and Gear-shifting Analysis of AMT Semi-trailer Tractor

作　　者：李彬[1] 刘洪利 宋瑞 阮嘉赓 LI Bin;LIU Hong-li;SONG Rui;RUAN Jia-geng(School of Automobile,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710018,Shaanxi,China;College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710018 [2]北京工业大学机械与能源工程学院,北京100020

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2024年第9期312-326,共15页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52272354);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102223208)。

摘　　要：近年来AMT重型半挂牵引车(简称AMT牵引车)在中国的市场份额迅速扩大,但针对该车型的相关研究并未及时跟进,车辆性能仍有较大提升空间。为此,着手建立中国AMT牵引车典型行驶工况,并由换挡场景分析和风格工况构建协助AMT换挡策略完善,有助于优化车辆动力性,提高经济性与环保性能,更好地发挥AMT车型优势。首先,基于车辆实测数据,利用道格拉斯-普克算法分别稀疏化其车速和功率指标以获取相对应的差值和趋势数据,进而建立加速、减速、起步和停车4种典型换挡场景,统计分析不同场景下的换挡车速、功耗波动、换挡次数与换挡负荷;其次,结合t-SNE降维和K-means聚类,基于改进短行程法构建非高速行驶工况,并通过马尔科夫链构建高速公路行驶工况以弥补短行程法的固有缺陷;最后,基于非高速行驶工况,利用客观评分法区分保守型和激进型差值数据,分别与工况框架叠加以灵活构建不同风格工况。研究结果表明:AMT牵引车换挡车速集中在0~20 km·h^(-1)和55~70 km·h^(-1)之间,且4种典型换挡场景差异较大,应在不同场景下动态调整换挡策略的动力性和经济性倾向;高速和非高速行驶工况的指标平均相对误差(MRE)分别为4.834%和3.431%(后者相比传统方法降低了27.49%),仿真油耗MRE分别为6.68%和4.13%,明显优于CHTC-TT和C-WTVC标准工况;激进和保守型风格工况的MRE均在5.6%左右,可用于评估换挡策略在不同驾驶强度下的性能表现;传统方法和风格工况的MRE均高于3.431%,表明有必要在工况构建过程中分离驾驶行为数据,以减轻其负面影响。In recent years,the market share of AMT heavy semi-trailer tractor(AMT tractor hereinafter)in China has expanded rapidly.However,research pertaining to this vehicle type has not progressed accordingly with this trend,and the vehicle performance can be further improved.Thus,typical driving cycles for AMT tractors in China should be established,shifting scenarios analyzed,and stylistic cycles constructed to facilitate the optimization of AMT shifting strategies.This will improve the power,economic,and environmental performances of the vehicle and allow the advantages of AMT tractors to be leveraged more effectively.Using measured data of the vehicle,the Douglas-Peucker algorithm was applied to disperse the speed and power indicators such that the difference and trend data of the two indicators can be obtained.Subsequently,four typical shifting scenarios,i.e.,acceleration,deceleration,starting,and parking,were efficiently constructed,and the shifting speeds,power-consumption fluctuation,number of shifts,and shifting load were counted and analyzed under different scenarios.Next,a non-freeway driving cycle was constructed using the improved short-trip method combined with the t-SNE and K-means algorithms,and a freeway driving cycle was constructed using the Markov chain method to compensate for the intrinsic defects of the short-trip method.Finally,based on the non-freeway driving cycle,an objective scoring method was used to distinguish between conservative and aggressive difference data,after which they were superimposed on the non-freeway cycle skeleton to construct style cycles more flexibly.The results are as follows:The shifting velocity of the AMT tractor is particularly evident in two intervals,i.e.,0-20 and 55-70 km·h-1,and the four typical shifting scenarios are different from each other.This implies that the dynamics and economic tendency of the shifting strategy should be dynamically adjusted depending on the scenario.The average relative error(MRE)of the indicators for the freeway and non-freeway driving

关 键 词：汽车工程 行驶工况与换挡场景 道格拉斯-普克算法 AMT重型半挂牵引车 短行程 马尔科夫链 

分 类 号：U461.8[机械工程—车辆工程]