泥河湾盆地油房遗址MIS 5阶段人类活动与气候、植被的关系  

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN ACTIVITIES,CLIMATE AND VEGETATION IN YOUFANG SITE DURING MIS 5,NIHEWAN BASIN

作　　者：李冰[1,2] 杜天愉 梅惠杰 吴玥洁 马卿皓 郭玉杰 弋双文 李月丛[1,2] LI Bing;DU Tianyu;MEI Huijie;WU Yuejie;MA Qinghao;GUO Yujie;YI Shuangwen;LI Yuecong(College of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei;Key Laboratory of Environmental Evolution and Ecological Construction of Hebei Province,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei;College of History and Culture,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,Hebei;MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871;School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学地理科学学院,河北石家庄050024 [2]河北省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室,河北石家庄050024 [3]河北师范大学历史文化学院,河北石家庄050024 [4]北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [5]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2024年第5期1322-1337,共16页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:42271158);国家社会科学基金一般项目(批准号:22BKG005);国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(批准号:U20A20116);河北省自然科学基金项目(批准号:D2020205016和D2024205036)共同资助。

摘　　要：新的研究表明,油房遗址是泥河湾盆地一处重要的旧石器时代中晚期遗址,是一处既包含华北传统石片石器工业,又富含细石叶和细石核的文化遗址,为研究华北传统石片石器文化向细石器传统文化转变提供了新线索。油房遗址探沟2剖面(YFTG2)(0~535 cm)是泥河湾盆地旧石器中期的典型地层,年代大致为100.6±5.7~52.3±2.5 ka,主要包括MIS 5增温期和MIS 3初期温暖期,MIS 4沉积缺失。本研究基于孢粉和粒度等指标探讨了泥河湾盆地旧石器时代中期人类活动的气候环境背景,结果表明:1)该遗址MIS 5阶段包括MIS 5d、MIS 5c和MIS 5b;其中MIS 5d(535~255 cm,100.6±5.7~92.1±2.9 ka),花粉组合以藜科(37.1%)和蒿属(23.2%)等草本为主,中值粒径偏粗(10.2~93.4μm),有机质含量为2.2%~4.4%,碳酸钙含量为1.7%~5.0%,指示在MIS 5d时期泥河湾盆地气候较为寒冷干燥;MIS 5c(255~180 cm,92.1±2.9~89.8±3.5 ka),松属(47.5%)和桦木属(15.8%)等乔灌木花粉显著增加,粒度中值粒径为19.4μm,碳酸钙含量降低(1.9%),指示MIS 5c阶段气候十分温暖湿润;MIS 5b(180~130 cm,89.8±3.5~87.7±4.4 ka),花粉组合仍以乔灌木为主(75.8%),桦木属(21.4%)含量达到最大值,蒿属增加(13.6%),有机质含量(5.0%)显著升高,碳酸钙含量(0.2%)显著降低,指示MIS 5b阶段泥河湾盆地气候相对凉湿;在MIS 3初期(130~0 cm,55.7±3.5~52.3±2.5 ka),乔灌木花粉含量下降(68.2%),桦木属(10.8%)含量减少,蒿属(15.6%)和藜科(5.3%)增加,中值粒径显著增大,为39.0μm,有机质含量略有下降(4.5%),碳酸钙含量上升至1.0%,指示气候较为温暖湿润。2)植被定量重建结果显示,在MIS 5d阶段,研究区草本植物盖度达78.1%,形成以禾本科(37.8%)、藜科(16.2%)和栎属(6.1%)为主的疏林草地景观;MIS 5c阶段乔灌木植被盖度达88.4%,形成以松属(46.2%)、鹅耳枥属(21.6%)和禾本科(4.7%)等为主的针阔混交林;MIS 5b阶段依然是以松属(42.8%)、桦木属(12.8%)、栎属(8.1%)、禾�The Youfang site,a significant middle to upper Paleolithic site in the Nihewan Basin,has yielded lithic assemblages including flake tool industry in North China and microblade industry.These findings provide new insights into the transition from flake tool industry to microblade industry in North China.The YFTG2 section of the Youfang site(40°13′52″N,114°41′02″E;921 m a.s.l.)represents a typical stratum of the middle Paleolithic in the Nihewan Basin,dated between 100.6±5.7 ka and 52.3±2.5 ka(0~535 cm in depth),corresponding to the warming period of Marine Isotope Stage(MIS)5 and the early warm period of MIS 3,providing valuable materials for studying relationship between Paleolithic cultural evolution and climate change in the region.A total of 54 samples were obtained at 10 cm intervals.The climate background of human activities in the Nihewan Basin during the middle Paleolithic period was reconstructed based on the pollen,grain size and loss on ignition(LOI).The results show that:(1)MIS 5d(535~255 cm,100.6±5.7~92.1±2.9 ka),pollen assemblage were dominated by herbaceous taxa(88.9%),with Chenopodiaceae(37.1%),Artemisia(23.2%)and Poaceae(9.4%)being prominent.At depths of 535~255 cm(100.6±5.7~92.1±2.9 ka),median grain size was 10.2~93.4μm,organic matter content was 2.2%~4.4%,and calcium carbonate content was 1.7%~5.0%.This stage was characterized by a cold and dry climate.MIS 5c(255~180 cm,92.1±2.9~89.8±3.5 ka),the pollen assemblages showed a significant increase in tree and shrub pollen(82.0%),dominated by Pinus(47.5%),Betula(15.8%),Carpinus(11.6%)and Quercus(2.1%).Median grain size was 19.4μm,and calcium carbonate content decreased obviously to 1.9%.The climate during the period was warm and humid.MIS 5b(180~130 cm,89.8±3.5~87.7±4.4 ka):Pollen composition was dominated by tree and shrub taxa(75.8%),with a decrease in Pinus(36.0%)and Carpinus(4.2%),and an increase in Quercus(4.5%)and Betula(21.4%).Artemisia content increased to 13.6%.Median grain size remained relatively stable.Organic matter

关 键 词：MIS 5阶段 MIS 3初期 花粉 气候与植被 泥河湾盆地油房遗址 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] P532[历史地理—历史学] Q913.84[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]