中国北方坝上草原早-中全新世环境变化与农业活动  

EARLY TO MIDDLE HOLOCENE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES IN BASHANG STEPPE,NORTHERN CHINA

作　　者：赵克良[1,5] 刘俊池 赵战护 魏惠平 白广一 石宇翔 周新郢 李小强[1,5] ZHAO Keliang;LIU Junchi;ZHAO Zhanhu;WEI Huiping;BAI Guangyi;SHI Yuxiang;ZHOU Xinying;LI Xiaoqiang(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology,Shijiazhuang 050033,Hebei;Zhangjiakou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Zhangjiakou 075001,Hebei;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]河北省文物考古研究院,石家庄050033 [3]张家口市文物考古研究所,河北张家口075001 [4]成都理工大学地球与行星科学学院,四川成都610059 [5]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2024年第5期1421-1432,共12页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(批准号:2022YFF0801502);国家社会科学基金重大项目(批准号:23VLS005)共同资助。

摘　　要：更新世晚期到全新世的气候环境变化对人类社会产生了深刻影响,其生存方式由流动的狩猎采集经济逐渐过渡到定居农业经济。中国北方是粟、黍旱作农业的起源地,早全新世时期仅有少量遗址点发现有粟、黍微体化石证据,但中全新世早期(8500~7000 cal.a B.P.)粟、黍种子在中国北方植物遗存中普遍出现。为认识中全新世早期中国北方旱作农业发展与环境变化之间的关系,本研究对河北坝上草原四台遗址附近厚480 cm的自然沉积剖面ST2015的总有机碳含量(TOC)、粒度和磁化率进行分析,并结合AMS^(14)C测年和考古学证据,探讨了坝上草原地区中全新世早期旱作农业发展与环境变化之间的关系。AMS^(14)C测年结果显示ST2015剖面的年代为15000 cal.a B.P.至今。研究结果表明ST2015剖面11500 cal.a B.P.之前TOC和磁化率较低,指示了较为干旱的气候条件。全新世早期TOC和磁化率开始快速增加,到中全新世早期(8500~7000 cal.a B.P.)达到最高值,指示研究区域具有较高的植被覆盖度及生物量,气候条件最为温暖湿润。植物考古记录揭示早全新世时期先民生存方式为单一的狩猎采集经济,而到中全新世早期出现了狩猎采集和农业种植混合经济。研究认为中全新世早期温暖湿润的气候促进了研究区森林草原植被发育,土地生产力提高,为定居和低水平旱作农业在中国北方的发展提供了有利条件。The change of climate and environment from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene had a profound impact on human society,which gradually transited from the mobile hunting-gathering to sedentism and agricultural way.It is well known that millet farming originated in the Northern China.Only a few sites with microfossil evidence of millet have been found in the Early Holocene,but millet seeds are commonly revealed in plant remains during the early Middle Holocene(8500~7000 cal.a B.P.)in the Northern China.Aiming to understand the relationship between the development of millet agriculture and environmental changes in the Northern China from Early to Middle Holocene,the total organic carbon(TOC),grain size and magnetic susceptibility were analyzed from a 480 cm deep natural sediment section ST2015(41.31°N,114.23°E)in the Sitai site area,Bashang steppe in Hebei Province.Ninety-six soil samples were collected at 5 cm intervals though the section ST2015.Eight full samples were selected for AMS^(14)C dating to reconstruct the chronological framework for the section.The dating of modern soil layer(0~20 cm)was 360±30 a B.P.Therefore,the age of 360 years was used as the carbon reservoir in the section.All the dating results were calibrated using OxCal v.4.0 program after subtracting 360 years.The age-depth model was built using the Bacon program.Ninety-six samples were used for the analysis of TOC,grain size and magnetic susceptibility to understand the environmental changes from the section.The AMS^(14)C dating and grain size records revealed that the ST2015 section is an eolian sediment with age range from 15000 cal.a B.P.to present.Lower TOC and magnetic susceptibility with coarse grain size indicated the climate was relatively arid before 11500 cal.a B.P.TOC and magnetic susceptibility began to increase rapidly in the Early Holocene,and reached their highest values in the early Middle Holocene(8500~7000 cal.a B.P.).It revealed that a higher biomass and wettest climate in the study area during early Middle Holocene.The a

关 键 词：四台遗址 狩猎采集 粟 黍 全新世适宜期 森林草原 

分 类 号：P534.632[天文地球—第四纪地质学] P532[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]