红火蚁回避虫生真菌的化学生态学机制分析  

Analysis of the chemical ecological mechanism by which red imported fire antSolenopsis invicta avoids entomopathogenic fungi

作　　者：雷妍圆[1] 李群臣 符展源 朱惠政 Hussin Abid 官昭瑛 Lei Yanyuan;Li Qunchen;Fu Zhanyuan;Zhu Huizheng;Hussin Abid;Guan Zhaoying(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection,Institute of Plant Protection,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong Province,China;College of Agricultural and Food Sciences,King Faisal University,Hofuf 31982,Saudi Arabia;Shenzhen Institute of Technology,Shenzhen 518116,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广州510640 [2]费萨尔国王大学农业与食品科学学院,沙特阿拉伯胡富夫31982 [3]深圳技师学院,广东深圳518116

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2024年第4期935-943,共9页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1000500);广东省自然科学基金(2021A1515012445);深圳技师学院校科研项目(2311008);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202117TD)。

摘　　要：为探讨红火蚁Solenopsis invicta对虫生真菌的回避性,解析影响其选择自然生境土壤的信息化学物质,于室内采用双向选择装置观察红火蚁工蚁对含球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana、金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae和爪哇虫草菌Cordyceps javanica蚁巢土壤(土堆型、分散型和隐巢型)的群体选择行为,通过培养皿选择性试验测定红火蚁单头工蚁对含菌土壤的回避性及运动响应行为,并运用动态顶空吸附法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析影响红火蚁在不同含菌土壤中运动的土壤挥发物成分。结果显示:红火蚁个体和群体对含球孢白僵菌和金龟子绿僵菌土壤均表现出显著排斥和回避行为,而对含爪哇虫草菌土壤无明显回避行为。3种含菌土壤的挥发物种类和释放量存在一定差异,含球孢白僵菌和金龟子绿僵菌土壤的挥发物组分较相似,均含较高比例的烃类(分别为44.86%和35.10%)和酮类(分别为35.76%和51.33%)物质,醛类化合物是含球孢白僵菌土壤的特有挥发物组分,吡嗪类是含金龟子绿僵菌土壤的特有挥发物组分;含爪哇虫草菌土壤的挥发物种类和释放量都较少,仅检测到3种挥发物。表明土壤中不同种类虫生真菌的挥发物组分差异可能会引起红火蚁的选择行为差异,爪哇虫草菌对红火蚁无明显的驱避作用,可能与其挥发物种类和含量较少有关,在红火蚁菌剂的研发中具有良好的应用前景。To identify the differences in avoidance behavior of red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta towards three entomopathogenic fungi and to clarify the role of semiochemicals in the habitat selection of this ant,the selection behavior of workers in bi-directional selection devices was measured.The fungi tested were Beauveria bassiana,Metarhizium anisopliae,and Cordyceps javanica,using conidia-containing soil from different nest areas(mound,scattered,and cryptopyle types).The avoidance and motor response behavior of individual worker to conidia-containing soil were assessed using a Petri-dish selectivity experiment.Dynamic headspace adsorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the differences in the response of red fire ants to volatile compounds from conidia-con-taining soils.The results showed significant avoidance behavior by workers towards soils containing B.bassiana and M.anisopliae,while no obvious avoidance was observed with C.javanica.There were significant differences in the volatiles emitted from soil with the conidia of the three entomopathogenic fungi.Volatile components of B.bassiana and M.anisopliae were relatively similar,both containing a higher proportion of esters of ketones(44.86%and 35.10%,respectively)and hydrocarbons(35.76%and 51.33%,respectively).Aldehydes were specific to B.bassiana,while pyrazines were specific to M.anisopliae.In contrast,soil with conidia of C.javanica emitted fewer volatiles,with only three volatile compounds detected.These findings indicate that the volatile compounds in conidia-containing soil affect the selective behavior of S.invicta workers.The lack of avoidance response of S.invicta towards C.javanica may due to the low volatile composition and content of the soil.This characteristic of C.javanica suggests its potential application in developing new fungal agents for controlling this insect pest.

关 键 词：红火蚁 虫生真菌 含菌土壤 真菌挥发物 回避行为 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]