鲁中南低山丘陵区土壤理化性质的空间分异及其遥感评估  

Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Properties by Remote Sensing Assessment in the Mid-Southern Hilly Regions of Shandong Province,China

作　　者：刘长媛 韩文昊 田永任 王泽民 王延平[1] LIU Changyuan;HAN Wenhao;TIAN Yongren;WANG Zemin;WANG Yanping(College of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai an 270018,Shandong,China;National Forest Farm of Mengyin County,Linyi 276200,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安270018 [2]蒙阴县国有林场总场,山东临沂276200

出　　处：《山地学报》2024年第4期442-455,共14页Mountain Research

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划科技专项(2021SFGC020503);山东省农业科技资金(林业科技创新)项目(2019LY005)。

摘　　要：鲁中南低山丘陵区生态系统脆弱,水土流失严重。作为生物生存的基石,区域土壤理化性质存在空间变异性,深入剖析其分布特征对于生态修复与保护具有生物学价值。地面调查等常规调查方法存在耗时费力、对遥感影像及实验数据要求较高、评估周期较长等局限性。本文选择鲁中南低山丘陵山地建立典型样地,采用地统计学方法揭示土壤理化性质空间异质性规律,并结合无人机影像判读建立空间解译数据与地面调查数据的相关性。结果表明:(1)在鲁中南低山丘陵区,土壤厚度、砾石比、岩石裸露比三项指标呈现较高的空间变异,变异系数分别为54.16%、72.28%、61.11%,土壤pH值和容重变异幅度较小。(2)土壤有机质、全氮和全磷的空间变异性较低,变异系数为22%~28%;速效养分中铵态氮含量变异幅度达89%,其次为速效磷50%;土壤综合养分指数呈现较强的空间变异。(3)海拔、坡度、坡向对土壤理化性质的解释度依次为10.4%、4.3%和2.7%,均达到显著水平,是影响土壤理化性质空间异质性最主要的三个地形因子。研究表明,空间解译数据反演方法可以快速、准确地厘清土壤理化性质的空间变化规律与主控因素,可为开展鲁中南低山丘陵区大尺度立地条件评估提供依据。The ecosystem in the mid-southern hilly region of Shandong province,China is fragile mountain with severe soil erosion.As the foundation for life,the spatial variability of regional soil physicochemical properties holds biological significance for ecological restoration and conservation.Traditional survey methods such as ground surveys are time-consuming,labor-intensive,require high standards of remote sensing images and experimental data,and have lengthy assessment cycles.In this study,typical plots were established in the mid-southern hilly region of Shandong province,China to reveal the spatial heterogeneity patterns of soil physicochemical properties using geostatistical methods.This was coupled with the establishment of correlations between spatial interpretation data from drone imagery and ground survey data.(1)In the hilly regions of mid-southern Shandong,three indicators—soil thickness,gravel ratio,and rock exposure ratio—showed high spatial variation,with coefficients of variation being 54.16%,72.28%,and 61.11%,respectively,while pH value and bulk density showed smaller variations.(2)Organic matter content,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus displayed lower spatial variability,with coefficients of variation ranging from 22%to 28%;among available nutrients,ammonium nitrogen content exhibited an 89%variation range,followed by available phosphorus at 50%;the comprehensive nutrient index of the soil also revealed strong spatial differentiation.(3)Elevation explained 10.4%,slope angle contributed 4.3%,and aspect accounted for 2.7%of the variability in soil physicochemical properties,all reaching statistically significant levels.These factors were the top three terrain elements influencing the spatial heterogeneity of soil properties.This finding suggests that spatial interpretation data inversion techniques can rapidly and accurately elucidate the change rules and controlling factors of soil physical and chemical properties,providing a basis for large-scale site condition assessments in the low mountain a

关 键 词：土壤理化性质 地形植被因子 空间变异 遥感评估 鲁中南山地 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]