积石山地震触发中川乡液化滑坡—泥流及建筑损毁特征  

Liquefaction Flowslide and Damage Characteristics of Buildings in Zhongchuan Town Triggered by the Jishishan Earthquake

作　　者：刘欢 樊晓一[2,3] 夏贵平 姜元俊 宋嘉麒[2] 邓鑫 LIU Huan;FAN Xiaoyi;XIA Guiping;JIANG Yuanjun;SONG Jiaqi;DENG Xin(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;Institute of Engineering Safety Assessment and Protection,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China;Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Mingshan District,Ya an 625100,Sichuan China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Chengdu 610299,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学机电工程学院,成都610500 [2]西南石油大学土木工程与测绘学院,成都610500 [3]西南石油大学工程安全评估与防护研究院,成都610500 [4]雅安市名山区住房和城乡建设局,四川雅安625100 [5]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610299

出　　处：《山地学报》2024年第4期546-556,共11页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41877524,42172320,41971214)。

摘　　要：2023年12月18日23时59分,甘肃省临夏州积石山县发生M_(s)6.2级地震。地震在邻近的民和县中川乡草滩、金田村诱发滑坡—泥流链式灾害,导致20人死亡、19条道路被阻断、65栋居民房屋被冲毁掩埋。本研究采用无人机摄影测量、野外实地调查访问、现场采样分析测试等研究方法,探讨地震滑坡—泥流的基本特征和成因机理;通过对65份建筑物破坏样本的分析,研究泥流对建筑物的破坏特征和破坏方式。结果表明:(1)该同震地质灾害具有完整的“地震—液化—滑坡—泥流”链式灾害过程,链式末端沟谷型黏性泥流的物源主要为滑源区液化层砂质黄土。(2)地震诱发的地下饱和黄土层液化是滑坡—泥流发生的主要原因,强地震动、饱和黄土层和沟谷地形是发生的主要条件;填沟造地、农田灌溉、低温冻结导致底部地下水位抬升和下部土体饱和,增加了黄土层液化的可能性。震后,静态液化型滑坡可能持续发生,导致滑坡—泥流面积不断增大。(3)泥流对房屋的动力作用主要表现为冲击和淤埋,并以淤埋作用为主。房屋距泥流主流线越近,其破坏越严重。该区域新建房屋应选择自震周期短、结构整体性好的砖混或框架结构。研究结果可为类似地震次生链式地质灾害的形成机理和防控提供参考。On December 18,2023,at 23:59,an M_(s)6.2 earthquake struck Jishishan County,Linxia Prefecture,Gansu Province,China.At 20 kilomiter from the epicenter,this earthquake triggered a chain of landslide-mudflow in the neighboring Caotan and Jintian Villages of Zhongchuan Town,in Minhe County of Qinghai Province,resulting in 20 fatalities,19 roads blocked,and 65 residential buildings destroyed and buried.A team of scientists was promptly assembled and dispatched to the earthquake-affected areas immediately following the tremor.Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)photogrammetry,comprehensive field surveys,and rigorous on-site sampling,the team investigated the underlying causes of the earthquake-induced landslide-mudflow.Additionally,65 samples of building damages were meticulously collected and analyzed to determine the specific patterns of destruction inflicted by the mudflow.(1)This secondary geological disaster exemplified a complete chain disaster process:earthquake-liquefaction-landslide-mudflow,featuring a characteristic gully-type viscous mudflow.The primary source of this mudflow stemed from the liquefied sandy loess within the sliding source area.(2)The liquefaction of saturated loess triggered by the earthquake served as the primary catalyst for the landslide-mudflow.The interaction of strong seismic shaking,saturated loess conditions,and gully topography created an ideal setting for this geohazard.Furthermore,factors such as land reclamation,farmland irrigation,and low-temperature freezing elevated groundwater levels and saturate the lower soil layers,heightening the likelihood of loess liquefaction.It was possible that static liquefaction-induced landslides might kept in the aftermath of the earthquake,potentially leading to a continued expansion of the affected landslide-mudflow area.(3)The dynamic impact of the landslide-mudflow on buildings was primarily manifested through both impact and silting,with silting being the dominant factor.The closer a building was situated to the main flowslide line,the mor

关 键 词：地震滑坡—泥流 建筑损伤 饱和黄土 冲击 淤埋 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学] TU43[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]