双波长纳秒激光清洗技术在大理石文物上的应用  

Application of dual-wavelength nanosecond laser cleaning technology on stone artifacts

作　　者：李晨毓 胡文哲 张雪雁[1,2] 刘瀚文 刘晓龙 曲亮 祝萌[5] 段鸿莺 Paraskevi Pouli LI Chen-yu;HU Wen-zhe;ZHANG Xue-yan;LIU Han-wen;LIU Xiao-long;QU Liang;ZHU Meng;DUAN Hong-ying;Paraskevi Pouli(Conservation Standards Research Institute,The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China;China-Greece Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Cultural Heritage Conservation Technology,Beijing 100009,China;Aerospace Information Research Institue,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100094,China;School of Optoelectronics,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100094,China;Department of Architectural Heritage,The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China;Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas(IESL-FORTH),Heraklion 71110,Greece)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院文物保护标准化研究所,北京100009 [2]中国-希腊文物保护技术"一带一路"联合实验室,北京100009 [3]中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京100094 [4]中国科学院大学光电学院,北京100094 [5]故宫博物院古建部,北京100009 [6]希腊研究与技术基金会电子结构与激光研究所,伊拉克利翁71110

出　　处：《中国光学（中英文）》2024年第5期1050-1059,共10页Chinese Optics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项资助(No.2020YFE0204600)。

摘　　要：传统的清洗方法不能对文物表面较小污染颗粒进行清洗,并且容易造成文物表面不可逆的损伤。为提高清洗污染物的能力,激光清洗技术逐渐应用于不同类型文物的清洗。本文研制了纳秒激光清洗系统并对故宫博物院的大理石模拟样品和大理石碎片进行清洗,清洗的对象是黑色结壳污染物。为了避免变黄效应,采用波长为1064 nm近红外光与355 nm紫外相结合的方法对大理石模拟样本进行激光清洗。当两者的能量密度比值为3∶2时,显微观测系统的照片显示有较好的清洗效果。将此比值应用于大理石碎片样本,利用显微拉曼光谱仪对清洗效果进行分析。实验结果证实了激光清洗的优势,也为激光清洗大理石表面污染物提供参数和评价方法参考。本文研究也为激光清洗技术在其他石质文物表面的清洗提供借鉴。Traditional cleaning methods can not clean small pollution particles on the surface of cultural relics.Moreover it can easily cause irreversible damage.In order to improve the ability to clean pollutants,laser cleaning technology has been gradually applied to the cleaning of different types of cultural relics.In this paper,we develop a nanosecond laser cleaning system to clean the simulated marble samples and marble fragments in the Palace Museum.The object of the cleanout is black crust pollutants.To avoid the yellowing effect,a dual wavelength combination of 1064 nm near-infrared and 355 nm ultraviolet light is used for laser cleaning of simulated marble samples.When the energy density ratio of these two wavelengths is 3∶2,photos from the microscopic observation system show a good cleaning effect.This ratio(3∶2)is then applied to marble fragments samples.The micro-Raman spectrometer is utilized to evaluate the cleaning effect.The experimental results confirm the advantages of laser cleaning and also provide reference parameters and evaluation methods for laser cleaning of pollutants on marble surface.At the same time,it also offer insights for the application of laser cleaning technology to the cleaning of other stone artifacts.

关 键 词：激光清洗技术 大理石 双波长 

分 类 号：O439[机械工程—光学工程]