西藏甘蓝型春油菜的光响应与光温利用效率分析  

Light Response and Light-temperature Utilization Efficiency of Spring Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)in Xizang

作　　者：蒙祖庆 王琴 宋丰萍 MENG Zuqing;WANG Qin;SONG Fengping(Plant Science College,Xizang Agriculture&Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi Xizang,860000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院植物科学学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《高原农业》2024年第5期479-489,共11页Journal of Plateau Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31860387),西藏新型甘蓝型油菜早熟种质的挖掘及其高寒响应机制研究;西藏自治区自然科学基金资助项目。

摘　　要：本研究旨在揭示西藏甘蓝型油菜在高海拔下的环境适应性。选用3个不同生育期的油菜品系在3个不同海拔实验点种植,研究其生育期及叶片光响应能力。结果表明:种植海拔改变了油菜的生育进程及光温利用。高海拔区(墨竹工卡3843 m)温度较低,油菜的生育期延长。高海拔光辐射量较高,油菜叶片细胞排列紧密,叶绿素含量及组分含量增加,但受光抑制影响,净光合速率较低。参试油菜品系光能利用均在低海拔(林芝2970 m)达最大值,其次中海拔(拉萨3630 m),高海拔的光能利用效率最低。早熟品系在不同海拔下的光能利用效率为0.042~0.110 g MJ^(-1),中熟品系为0.045~0.118 g MJ^(-1),晚熟品系为0.044~0.119 g MJ^(-1)。参试油菜品系的温度利用效率均在中海拔具有较高值,其次是低海拔,最低在高海拔。早熟品系在不同海拔下的温度利用效率为0.77~1.24 kg hm^(-2)℃^(-1),中熟品系为0.82~1.18 kg hm^(-2)℃^(-1),晚熟品系为0.80~1.54 kg hm^(-2)℃^(-1)。本研究结果为解决高海拔区甘蓝型油菜种植的限制因子奠定理论基础。This experiment aimed to reveal the environmental adaptability of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)at high altitudes.The rapeseed with different growth periods were planted at three experimental sites in Xizang and studied their growth periods and leaf light response capabilities.The results showed that:1.The planting altitude had changed the growth process and light and temperature utilization of rapeseed.In the high-altitude area(Mozhugongka,3843 m),the temperature was lower,the amount of light radiation was higher and the growth period of tested lines was prolonged,the chlorophyll content and component content in leaves increased and the cells in leaves were closely arranged.The tested lines were affected by light inhibition,the net photosynthetic rate was lower.2.The light energy utilization of the tested lines reached the maximum value at the low altitude(Linzhi,2970 m),followed by the medium altitude(Lasa,3630 m),and the lowest at the high altitude(Mozhugongka,3843m).The light energy utilization efficiency of the early-maturing lines at different altitudes was 0.042~0.110 g MJ^(-1),that of the medium-maturing lines was 0.045~0.118 g MJ^(-1),and that of the late-maturing lines was 0.044~0.119 g MJ^(-1).3.The temperature utilization efficiency of the tested lines had higher values at the medium altitude,followed by the low altitude,and the lowest at the high altitude.The temperature utilization efficiency of the early-maturing lines at different altitudes was 0.77~1.24 kg hm^(-2)℃^(-1),that of the medium-maturing lines was 0.82~1.18 kg hm^(-2)℃^(-1),and that of the late-maturing lines was 0.80~1.54 kg hm^(-2)℃^(-1).The results of this study laid the theoretical foundation for solving the limiting factors of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)planting in high-altitude areas.

关 键 词：西藏 海拔 甘蓝型油菜 光响应 光温利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]