唐家河国家级自然保护区同域分布六种偶蹄类动物的活动节律与空间利用  

The activity rhythm and space utilization among six species of ungulates in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve,Sichuan,China

作　　者：韩一敏 肖梅 何梦楠 李明富[3] 侯蓉 吴鹏程 何芳 谌利民[3] 胡杰[1] 陈鹏 HAN Yimin;XIAO Mei;HE Mengnan;LI Mingfu;HOU Rong;WU Pengcheng;HE Fang;SHEN Limin;HU Jie;CHEN Peng(China West Normal University,Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education),College of Life Sciences,Nanchong 637009,China;Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding,Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife,Chengdu 610086,China;Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve Adiministration Bureau,Qingchuan 628109,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学生命科学学院,西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,南充637009 [2]成都大熊猫繁育研究基地,四川省濒危野生动物保护生物学重点实验室,成都610086 [3]四川唐家河国家级自然保护区管理处,青川628109

出　　处：《兽类学报》2024年第5期598-610,共13页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金(2023NSFSC1926,2022NSFSC0020);成都市科技局重大科技应用示范项目(2022-YF09-00019-SN,2023-YF09-00017-SN)。

摘　　要：了解群落中具有相似生态位的同域分布物种的时空分布是群落生态学研究的主要内容之一。本研究于2021年1—12月在四川唐家河国家级自然保护区境内应用红外相机技术进行大中型哺乳动物的监测,共布设红外相机82台,总相机工作日为18710 d。采用核密度估计法(Kernel density estimation)和占域模型(Occupancy model)分析冷季和暖季该保护区内6种偶蹄类的时空分布。研究结果表明:(1)毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)和小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)在冷季和暖季的日活动节律高度重叠(△≥0.80),中华扭角羚(Budorcas tibetana)、中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)、中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)和野猪(Sus scrofa)为中度重叠(△值为0.50~0.80);(2)毛冠鹿、小麂、中华扭角羚、中华斑羚和野猪的日活动模式均为双峰型,且都具有晨昏习性,中华鬣羚偏夜行性,日活动模式为多峰型;(3)在冷季,中华扭角羚的占域率最高(0.70),在暖季,中华斑羚的占域率最高(0.96),中华鬣羚在冷季和暖季的占域率均最低,分别是0.18和0.19;(4)海拔、坡度、坡向、距水源地距离及距道路距离是影响这6种偶蹄类空间分布的重要因子。研究显示,唐家河国家级自然保护区内6种偶蹄类动物的活动节律与空间利用在冷季和暖季具有一定的差异性。本研究结果初步揭示了不同季节偶蹄类动物的时空分布特征及影响因素,为今后该区域制定针对性的保护管理措施提供科学依据。Understanding the temporal and spatial distribution of sympatric species with similar niches is a primary focus in community ecology research.In this study,infrared camera technology was used for monitoring large and medium mammals in the forest ecosystem of Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve,Sichuan,China,from January to December 2021.A total of 82 camera-trap sites were deployed,resulting in a total of 18710 days of camera workdays.Kernel density estimation and occupation model were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of the six ungulates in the reserve during the cold and warm seasons.The results showed that the daily activity rhythms of the tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus)and the Reeves’s muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi)showed a high degree of overlap(Δ≥0.80)in both seasons,while the Chinese takin(Budorcas tibetana),Chinese goral(Naemorhedus griseus),Chinese serow(Capricornis milneedwardsii),and wild boar(Sus scrofa)exhibited moderate overlap(Δvalue between 0.50 and 0.80).The daily activity patterns of the tufted deer,Reeves’s muntjac,Chinese goral,Chinese takin,and wild boar were bimodal,with crepuscular tendencies,whereas the Chinese serow displayed a predominantly nocturnal and multimodal activity pattern.In the cold season,the Chinese takin had the highest occupancy rate(0.70),while in the warm season,the Chinese goral had the highest occupancy rate(0.96).The Chinese serow had the lowest occupancy rates in both seasons,at 0.18 and 0.19,respectively.Elevation,slope,slope direction,distance to water source,and distance from road were significant factors influencing the spatial distributions of these six ungulate species.The study demonstrates that activity rhythms and spatial utilization of the six ungulate species in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve exhibit seasonal differences.These findings provide preliminary insights into the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of ungulate species in different seasons,offering a scientific basis for the formul

关 键 词：红外相机 偶蹄类动物 季节性 活动节律 空间利用 占域模型 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]