清初中西文化冲突管窥——以满文《密本档》所记荣亲王墓葬择日为中心  

A Glimpse into Sino-Western Cultural Conflicts in Early Qing:Focusing on the Selection of Burial Dates for Prince Rong as Recorded in the Manchu Secret Archives

作　　者：宋瞳 Song Tong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所

出　　处：《国学学刊》2024年第3期110-129,142,共21页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：“康熙历狱”是清初著名案件之一,此案公开争论点,是清廷是否应该采用汤若望带来的西洋历法。今人对于此案的研究往往在如下两种意义加以分析:其一是将西洋历法使用看做对科学接纳的标志,否则视之为排外。其二是强调汤若望的天主教徒身份,从而探讨清朝对于天主教的态度。本文通过满文密本档对案件进行重构,揭示出此案的直接原因,是汤若望利用职权擅自更改职掌范围,引入教徒下属控制历法发布,同时力图将不符天主教义的择吉风水内容排斥于钦天监外,从而招致祸端。另外揭示出清廷并非排外,而是不允许天主教权凌驾于国法的深层史实。The“Kangxi Calendar Case”is one of the famous cases in the early Qing Dynasty,and the public debate in this case is whether the Qing Court should adopt the Western calendar brought by Tang Ruowang(Johann Adam Schall von Bell).Today's research on this case tends to analyze it in the following two senses:one is to regard the use of the Western calendar as a sign of acceptance of science,otherwise it is regarded as xenophobia.The second is to emphasize the Catholic identity of Tang Ruowang,thus exploring the attitude of the Qing Dynasty towards Catholicism.This paper reconstructs the case through the Manchu language secret file,revealing that the direct cause of the case was Tang Ruowang's use of his authority to change the scope of his duties without authorization,introducing religious subordinates to control the release of the calendar,and at the same time trying to exclude the contents of Feng Shui,which were not in line with the Catholic doctrine of choosing good fortune,from the Chintian Supervisory Commission,thus incurring trouble.In addition,it reveals that the Qing government was not xenophobic,but did not allow the Catholic Church to override the national law.

关 键 词：康熙历狱 杨光先 汤若望 风水术 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] B976.1[历史地理—中国史]