大别山区柿生态栽培模式的建立  

Establishment of Ecological Cultivation Modes for Persimmons in Dabie Mountain Area

作　　者：李先明[1] 刁松峰 程军勇[3] 朱红艳[1] 涂俊凡[1] 杨夫臣[1] 刘金平 LI Xian-ming;DIAO Song-feng;CHENG Jun-yong;ZHU Hong-yan;TU Jun-fan;YANG Fu-chen;LIU Jin-ping(Institute of Fruit and Tea,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;Non-timber Forestry Research and Development Center,Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Non-timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement&Utilization of National and Grassland Administration,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Hubei Academy of Forestry Sciences,Wuhan 430079,China;Xinzhou District Technical Service Station of Fruit and Tea,Wuhan 431400,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所,湖北武汉430064 [2]中国林业科学研究院经济林研究开发中心/经济林种质创新与利用国家林业和草原局重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [3]湖北省林业科学研究院,湖北武汉430079 [4]武汉市新洲区果茶技术服务站,湖北武汉431400

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2024年第4期35-38,48,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“特色经济林优质轻简高效栽培技术集成与示范”(2020YFD1000700)。

摘　　要：以湖北省罗田县、麻城市为中心的大别山区是我国唯一的甜柿原产地,生态气候条件独特。以不减少耕地和林地面积为前提条件,在大别山区建立了3种柿树立体生态栽培模式,并获得国家发明专利授权。分别对3种山地柿树生态栽培模式进行介绍,以期充分利用大别山区的自然资源禀赋。其中,“一种柿子快速成园方法”(专利号:ZL201610325895.5),通过砧木直栽,有效减少柿苗缓苗期,缩短建园周期,实现了“三当”快速成园,即当年砧木(君迁子)播种育苗、当年定植、当年嫁接建园;“一种柿子—水稻立体种植方法”(专利号:ZL201610315732.9)和“一种用于山地柿园休闲观光的生态栽培模式”(专利号:ZL201810444935.7),形成了以柿产业为主体的农林复合生产模式,建立的山地柿+水稻、山地柿+黄花菜复合系统成为了多个山地田园综合体的重要旅游景观,而且山地柿+水稻立体种植模式还实现了山地稻田边际土地的综合利用。The Dabie Mountains,centered around Luotian County and Macheng City of Hubei Province,is the only origin of sweet persimmons in China,with unique ecological and climatic conditions.On the premise of not reducing arable land and forest area,three kinds of stereoscopic ecological cultivation modes of persimmon were established in Dabie Mountain area and authorized by national invention patents.Three kinds of ecological cultivation modes of persimmon trees in mountainous areas were introduced in order to make full use of the natural resource endowment in Dabie Mountain area.Among them,a method for rapid orchard formation of persimmons(patent number:ZL201610325895.5)could effectively reduce the slow seedling stage of persimmon seedlings and shorten the establishment period through direct planting of rootstocks,achieving the rapid orchard formation,that is,sowing seedlings with rootstocks(Diospyros lotus),planting,and grafting and establishing the orchard in the same year.A persimmon-rice three-dimensional planting method(patent number:ZL201610315732.9)and an ecological cultivation model for leisure and sightseeing in mountain persimmon orchards(patent no.:ZL201810444935.7)have formed a agroforestry production model with persimmon industry as the main body.The established mountain persimmon+rice and mountain persimmon+daylily composite systems have become an important tourism landscape for many mountain pastoral complexes,and the mountain persimmon+rice three-dimensional planting model has also realized the marginal soil of mountain paddy fields.

关 键 词：柿 生态模式 立体种植 罗田甜柿 大别山区 

分 类 号：S666.1[农业科学—果树学]