施硅提高小麦防御孢囊线虫病的组成型和诱导型抗性机制  

Silicon application improves constitutive and inducible resistance of wheat against cyst nematode disease

作　　者：马耀武 刘晓丹[2] 苏国权 张麒宇 张振宇 王祎[1] 韩燕来[1] 李绍建[4] 姜瑛[1] MA Yao-wu;LIU Xiao-dan;SU Guo-quan;ZHANG Qi-yu;ZHANG Zhen-yu;WANG Yi;HAN Yan-lai;LI Shao-jian;JIANG Ying(College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046,China;College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China;Tongren Tobacco Company,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450046 [2]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]铜仁市烟草公司,贵州铜仁554300 [4]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第9期1665-1682,共18页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077050);中国烟草总公司项目(110202202030);贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司项目(202152230024134);河南农业大学大学生创新训练计划项目(2023CX163)。

摘　　要：【目的】孢囊线虫病在我国广泛存在,危害粮食安全与环境健康,严重影响了农业的可持续发展。硅作为一种诱导因子,在植物抗病性方面具有重要的作用,研究施用硅肥诱导小麦防御孢囊线虫病的作用机制对环境保护和小麦生长具有十分重要的意义。【方法】以菲利普孢囊线虫(Heterodera filipjevi)为供试孢囊线虫,首先开展硅肥施用水平盆栽试验,在不接虫和接虫条件下,分别设置5个硅肥施用水平:0、0.25、0.5、1、2 g/kg。在小麦接虫后2个月,取样测定小麦单株孢囊量、植株生长指标,筛选出最优硅肥施用浓度。以最优施硅水平继续进行施硅与接虫2×2双因素盆栽试验,共4个处理:不施硅不接虫(CK)、施硅不接虫(Si)、不施硅接虫(Cyst)、施硅接虫(Si×Cyst)。接虫2个月后,取样分析小麦硅、营养物质(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸)、次生代谢物质(木质素和总酚)以及活性氧(过氧化氢)含量,将未接虫处理小麦的相关成分含量定义为组成型抗性,接虫前后的各成分差值定义为诱导型抗性,探究施硅提高小麦防御孢囊线虫能力的组成型和诱导型抗性机制。【结果】浓度为0.5 g/kg的硅肥处理使小麦单株孢囊量显著减少了67.74%,且显著提高了小麦地上部鲜重、株高、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、地下部鲜重、根总长、根表面积、根尖数和根系活力。与不施硅处理(Si 0 g/kg)相比,施硅处理(Si 0.5 g/kg)的组成型地上和地下部硅含量分别显著提高76.50%和116.60%,诱导型地下部硅含量显著下降;施硅显著提高了营养物质中组成型可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,组成型游离氨基酸含量显著降低了33.10%,增加了诱导型可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量;施硅后的组成型木质素、总酚含量分别显著增加37.98%和35.55%,诱导型含量均显著减少;诱导型过氧化氢含量在施硅后显著降低了25.39%。PCA与相关性分析结果表�【Objectives】Cyst nematode disease widely happens in China,threatening the food security and environmental health,as well as the sustainable development of agriculture.Silicon,as an inducer,plays a pivotal role in enhancing plant disease resistance.Studying the mechanism underlying wheat defense against cyst nematode diseases induced by silicon fertilizer holds immense significance for both environmental protection and wheat production.【Methods】Employing Heterodera filipjevi as the test nematode,a pot experiment was carried out.Five levels of silicon fertilizer were established under the circumstances of no feeding and inoculation:0,0.25,0.5,1,and 2 g/kg,respectively.Two months after inoculation,the amount of sporocyst and plant growth index of wheat were measured,and the optimal silicon fertilizer application concentration was selected.The 2×2 two-factor pot experiment of silicon application and insect-feeding was carried out at the optimal silicon application level,making four treatments in total:neither Si application nor nematode infection(CK),Si application without nematode infection(Si),no Si application but with nematode infection(Cyst),and both Si application with nematode infection(Si×Cyst).After 2 months of inoculation,the contents of silicon,nutrients(soluble sugars,soluble proteins and free amino acids),secondary metabolites(lignin and total phenols)and reactive oxygen species(H2O2)in wheat were analyzed.The content or activity of the tested indices in wheat without cyst nematode infestation was defined as the constitutive resistance.The difference between the indices before and after cyst nematode infestation was defined as inducible resistance.To explore the constitutive and inducible resistance mechanisms of silicon application to improve wheat defense against sporocystitis nematodes.【Results】Application of silicon fertilizer at 0.5 g/kg significantly decreased the number of cysts per plant by 67.74%,enhanced above-ground fresh weight,plant height,SPAD value,underground fresh weight,to

关 键 词：小麦 硅肥 菲利普孢囊线虫 组成型抗性 诱导型抗性 

分 类 号：S435.121.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]