耕作方式导致的土壤肥力差异影响玉米籽粒营养物质积累  

Soil fertility differences due to tillage methods influence nutrient accumulation in maize grain

作　　者：王利青 刘洪月 于晓芳[1,2] 高聚林 马达灵[1,2] 郭怀怀 WANG Li-qing;LIU Hong-yue;YU Xiao-fang;GAO Ju-lin;MA Da-ling;GUO Huai-huai(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Genetic Improvement in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第9期1705-1717,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-50);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目(2021ZD0003);内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室(2021PT0004);农业农村部北方寒旱区作物高产高效栽培与耕作重点实验室项目;内蒙古科技计划项目(2023KYPT0023)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对土壤肥力对玉米灌浆期籽粒营养品质组分调控规律不明确的问题,研究玉米籽粒营养物质积累、产量及其对土壤肥力水平的响应,旨在为玉米高产高效绿色栽培提供理论依据。【方法】基于始于2018年的耕作方式定位试验(共9个处理,27个小区),于2020—2021年采样分析了不同耕作方式处理的土壤养分含量,计算了肥力综合值,将所有处理下的小区土壤进行高、中、低聚类。在玉米吐丝后20、40、60天(生理成熟期),采样分析籽粒中的总淀粉、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量,成熟期调查了玉米产量、产量构成因素,研究不同土壤肥力水平对吐丝后(即籽粒灌浆过程中)玉米籽粒的营养品质组分和产量的影响。【结果】深松秸秆粉碎全量混拌还田和深翻秸秆粉碎全量还田两种耕作方式的土壤两年均处于高肥力水平。2020年,土壤低肥力水平的耕作方式包括免耕、推茬清垄条深旋、浅旋,土壤中肥力水平的耕作方式包括深松、深翻、免耕秸秆粉碎全量覆盖还田、推茬清垄条深旋秸秆还田。2021年,土壤低肥力水平的耕作方式仅为浅旋耕作,其余耕作方式为土壤中肥力水平。各土壤肥力水平间籽粒粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量的变幅在花后40~60天差异最大,总淀粉含量的变幅在花后20天差异最大,可溶性总糖含量的变幅在花后20~40天差异最大。与低土壤肥力相比,高土壤肥力下两年花后40天至60天的籽粒粗蛋白含量的降幅分别显著增加29.85%~34.64%,籽粒粗脂肪的增量显著降低28.07%~54.01%,花后20天的籽粒总淀粉含量显著增加5.98%~8.95%,花后20天至40天的籽粒可溶性总糖含量的降幅显著增加14.63%~25.34%。土壤肥力的提升可显著改变生理成熟期玉米籽粒的营养物质含量。与低土壤肥力相比,高土壤肥力下生理成熟期的籽粒总淀粉含量增加1.44%~2.43%,籽粒粗脂肪含量增加3.81%~4.10%,籽粒可溶性总糖含�【Objectives】In response to the unclear regulation of the components of maize grain nutritional quality during the grain filling period by soil fertility,the accumulation of maize grain nutrients,yield and its response to soil fertility level were studied to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield,efficient,and green cultivation of maize.【Methods】Based on a tillage method positioning experiment started in 2018,the soil nutrient contents of various tillage method treatment plots(a total of 9 treatments,27 plots)were analyzed in 2020−2021,the comprehensive fertility value was calculated,and the soils of all plots under treatment were clustered into high,medium,and low groups.At 20,40,60 days after maize anthesis(physiological maturity),the total starch,crude protein,and crude fat contents in the kernels were analyzed,and the maize yield and yield components were investigated at maturity.The impact of different soil fertility levels on the nutritional quality components and yield of maize kernels after anthesis(during the grain filling process)was analyzed.【Results】Straw incorporation with subsoiling and straw incorporation with deep tillage were at a high soil fertility level in two years.In 2020,the tillage methods under low soil fertility level included no-tillage,deep spin in strip cultivation,shallow rotary tillage,and the tillage methods under medium soil fertility level were subsoiling,deep tillage,straw incorporation with no-tillage,straw incorporation with strip cultivation.In 2021,the tillage method at the low soil fertility level was only shallow rotary tillage,and the rest of the tillage methods were at the medium soil fertility level.The differences of crude protein and crude fat content in grains was the largest at 40 to 60 days after anthesis,the difference of total starch content was the largest at 20 days after anthesis,and the difference of total soluble sugar content was the largest at 20 to 40 days after anthesis.Compared with low soil fertility,under high soil fertility,the decre

关 键 词：土壤肥力 玉米 产量 籽粒营养品质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S158