7种十字花科绿肥作物对干旱胁迫的生理应答及抗旱性评价  

Physiological response characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of seven cruciferous green manure varieties under drought stress

作　　者：孙艳妮 王佳蓉[1] 韩高海 唐云丽 魏奭杰 贾振鹏 秦璐 杨璐[3] 曹卫东 黄冬琳[1] 高亚军[1,5] 王朝辉[1,5,6] 张达斌 SUN Yan-ni;WANG Jia-rong;HAN Gao-hai;TANG Yun-li;WEI Shi-jie;JIA Zhen-peng;QIN Lu;YANG Lu;CAO Wei-dong;HUANG Dong-lin;GAO Ya-jun;WANG Zhao-hui;ZHANG Da-bin(College of Resource and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Yongshou,Shaanxi 713400,China;Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan,Hubei 430062,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi,712100,China;State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]永寿县农业技术推广中心,陕西永寿713400 [3]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点开放实验,湖北武汉430062 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [5]农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [6]作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第9期1833-1844,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD17002,2023YFD1900900,2018YFD0200403);国家自然科学基金青年项目(31801942);财政部和农业农村部—现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(绿肥,CARS-22)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究干旱胁迫对十字花科绿肥作物生育期生长及生理特性的影响,为筛选适宜的十字花科绿肥作物品种提供理论依据和关键技术参数,助力我国旱地农业绿色发展。【方法】以7种十字花科绿肥为研究对象,通过室内盆栽试验模拟干旱胁迫环境,分析正常灌水(田间持水量80%)和干旱胁迫(田间持水量40%)条件下7种十字花科绿肥作物生育期内生长指标、光合特性和生理特征的变化规律,并通过主成分分析法对其抗旱性进行综合评价,最终筛选出抗旱能力突出的十字花科绿肥作物品种。【结果】1)与正常灌水相比,干旱胁迫处理下各绿肥作物叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均下降(P<0.05);2)干旱胁迫条件下,绿肥作物发芽率、根长和生物量分别平均比正常灌水降低6.1%,147%(P<0.05)和238%(P<0.05);3)干旱胁迫条件下,秦优10号叶片过氧化氢酶活性显著增加26%,秦优10号、青杂11号叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性显著增加,7种绿肥叶片过氧化物酶活性均呈升高趋势(P>0.05);4)干旱胁迫会引起中绿油2号、紫芥、秦优10号和中油肥1号叶片脯氨酸含量显著增加,紫芥、中绿油1号、中绿油2号丙二醛含量显著降低;5)主成分分析结果表明,生物量和叶片丙二醛含量、过氧化氢酶及过氧化物酶活性可作为评估十字花科绿肥抗旱性的首选抗旱指标,中绿油1号在供试7种十字花科绿肥的抗旱能力方面综合评分最高,抗旱能力较强。【结论】中绿油1号因其叶片较高的抗氧化能力、渗透调节能力及较长根系长度,在干旱胁迫条件下综合抗旱能力突出,可作为抗旱型十字花科绿肥品种在黄土高原地区推广应用。【Objectives】In order to provide a theoretical basis and technical parameters for screening suitable cruciferous green manure(GM)crops for the development of green agriculture systems under dryland conditions in China,we carried out an indoor cultivation experiment to investigate the effects of drought stress on the growth and physiological responses of cruciferous GM crops during their growth period.【Methods】The changes in photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of seven cruciferous GM varieties under normal watering(80%field water capacity)and drought stress(40%field water capacity)conditions were analyzed,and their drought resistance capacities were comprehensively evaluated using principal component analysis(PCA),aiming to select the suitable cruciferous GM variety with strong drought resistance.【Results】1)Compared to the normal watering treatment,the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of GM leaves under drought stress decreased(P<0.05).2)Under drought stress,the germination rate,root length,and fresh biomass of GM crops increased by 6.1%,147%(P<0.05),and 238%(P<0.05),respectively.3)Drought stress increased the activity of catalase(CAT)in the leaves of Qinyou 10 by 26%(P<0.05)and significantly promoted the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the leaves of Qinyou 10,and Qingza 11,and increased the activity of peroxidase(POD)in all GM leaves(P>0.05).4)Drought stress increased the proline(Pro)content in the leaves of Zhonglüyou 2,Purple Mustard,Qinyou 10,and Zhongyoufei 1(P<0.05),but significantly decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA)content in Purple Mustard,Zhonglüyou 1,and Zhonglüyou 2.5)Principal component analysis showed that fresh biomass,malondialdehyde content,and CAT and POD activity could be regarded as key indices to evaluate the drought resistance of cruciferous GM crops.The comprehensive drought resistance score for Zhonglüyou 1 was the highest among the seven tested cruciferous GM varieties,indicating strong drought resistance【Conclusions】Overall,due to its

关 键 词：干旱胁迫 十字花科绿肥 光合特性 生理特征 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S55[农业科学—作物学]