植保无人飞机防治玉米南方锈病施药参数和防效探究  

Study on the application parameters and control efficacy against southern maize rust by plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles

作　　者：赵方奎 刘杰[2] 马学军 李好海 牛朝阳 杨代斌[1] 袁会珠[1] 闫晓静[1] ZHAO Fangkui;LIU Jie;MA Xuejun;LI Haohai;NIU Zhaoyang;YANG Daibin;YUAN Huizhu;YAN Xiaojing(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;National Agricultural Technology Extension Centre,Beijing 100125,China;Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Muye District,Xinxiang City,Henan Province,Xinxiang 453000,China;Henan Plant Protection and Quarantine Station,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Plant Protection Station of Zhenping County,Nanyang City,Henan Province,Nanyang 474200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [2]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [3]河南省新乡市牧野区农业农村局,新乡453000 [4]河南省植物保护检疫站,郑州450000 [5]河南省南阳市镇平县植保站,南阳474200

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第5期293-299,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2000103)。

摘　　要：为了利用植保无人飞机有效防治玉米南方锈病,开展了施药液量和药剂筛选研究。试验结果表明:植保无人飞机在飞行高度2 m和飞行速度3 m/s条件下,施药液量为2 L/667m^(2)时,药液雾滴在玉米植株下三叶、棒三叶和上三叶上的沉积密度分别为91.72、57.75个/cm^(2)和13.42个/cm^(2),且施药液量增加到3 L/667m^(2)和4 L/667m^(2)时药液雾滴的沉积密度没有显著变化。施药液量为2、3 L/667m^(2)和4 L/667m^(2)时农药沉积利用率分别为52.59%、53.89%和57.88%。综合考虑作业效率,植保无人飞机施药防治玉米南方锈病的最佳施药液量为2 L/667m^(2)。在此施药条件下,喷施30%丙硫菌唑OD、20%丙环唑ME、32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC和40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇SC 14 d后对玉米南方锈病的防治效果分别达到96.72%、70.68%、80.54%和69.71%。因此,植保无人飞机在飞行高度2 m,飞行速度3 m/s,作业行距5 m,施药液量2 L/667m^(2)时喷施30%丙硫菌唑OD、32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC、20%丙环唑ME和40%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇SC可有效防治玉米南方锈病。In order to use plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)to effectively control maize southern rust,spray volume of pesticide application solution and pesticide selection for the disease prevention and control by plant protection UAV was investigated.The results showed that when the application solution was 2 L/667m^(2)at a flight altitude of 2 m and a flight speed of 3 m/s,the deposition density of the pesticide droplets on the lower three leaves,three-ear-leaves and upper three leaves of maize plants was 91.72,57.75 droplets/cm^(2)and 13.42 droplets/cm^(2),respectively,and the deposition density of the droplets did not change significantly when the application solution increased to 3 L/667m^(2)and 4 L/667m^(2).When the application solution was 2,3 L/667m^(2)and 4 L/667m^(2),the pesticide deposition utilization rate was 52.59%,53.89%and 57.88%,respectively.Considering the operation efficiency,the optimal application solution of plant protection UAV for southern maize rust control was 2 L/667m^(2).Under these conditions,the control effects of spraying prothioconazole 30%OD,propiconazole 20%ME,difenoconazole·azoxystrobin 32.5%SC and prothioconazole·tebuconazole 40%SC against southern maize rust reached 96.72%,70.68%,80.54%and 69.71%,respectively,14 days after spraying.Therefore,spraying prothioconazole 30%OD,difenoconazole·azoxystrobin 32.5%SC,propiconazole 20%ME and prothioconazole·tebuconazole 40%SC at a flight altitude of 2 m,flight speed of 3 m/s,operation row spacing of 5 m,and application solution of 2 L/667m^(2)can effectively control southern maize rust.

关 键 词：玉米南方锈病 植保无人飞机 施药液量 防效 

分 类 号：S435.131[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]