燃料电池载重车振动研究及动力系统布置优化  

Research on fuel cell truck vibration and optimization of power system layout

作　　者：林杰威 李金璐 龙飞企 曹洋 李涛 张俊红[1,4] LIN Jiewei;LI Jinlu;LONG Feiqi;CAO Yang;LI Tao;ZHANG Junhong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;TianJin Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute,TianJin 300072,China;Shaanxi Heavy Duty Automobile Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710200,China;Tianjin Ren'ai College,Tianjin 301636,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学机械工程学院,天津300350 [2]天津内燃机研究所,天津300072 [3]陕西重型汽车有限公司,陕西西安710200 [4]天津仁爱学院,天津301636

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（工学版）》2024年第9期1270-1279,共10页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51705357);中国博士后科学基金项目(编号:2021T140519)。

摘　　要：以某燃料电池载重车为研究对象,建立了包括燃料电池、储氢罐、电动机及变速箱、动力电池和DC/DC(direct current to direct current)变换器等全部动力系统子结构在内的28自由度动力学模型,并结合实车道路测试进行了模型验证。通过动力学模拟和试验设计探究了动力系统子结构位置、悬置刚度和阻尼对驾驶室和燃料电池振动的影响。结果显示:驾驶室振动在2、4、9、12 Hz有明显的能量集中,除受到悬架偏频和簧下偏频的影响外,储氢罐位置和燃料电池位置分别对驾驶室2~4 Hz和9~12 Hz振动影响最大,燃料电池振动受其本身悬置刚度的影响最大,动力系统其他结构对上述振动也有一定影响。以动力系统安装空间与悬置变形量为约束,以动力系统位置、子结构悬置刚度和阻尼为优化变量,进行驾驶室多频率振动和燃料电池加速度均方根的多目标优化设计。优化结果表明:在不同车速下,驾驶室4~12 Hz振动均降低40%,燃料电池振动降低45%以上,驾驶舒适性和燃料电池振动安全性均得到显著提升。Taking a fuel cell truck as the research object,a 28-DOF(degree of freedom)dynamic model including all power system substructures of fuel cell,hydrogen storage tank,electric motor and gearbox,power battery and DC/DC converter was established,and the model was verified by road test.The effects of substructure position,mount stiffness and damping of power system on cab and fuel cell vibration were explored through dynamic simulation and design of experiment.Results show that the cab vibration has obvious energy concentration at 2 Hz,4 Hz,9 Hz and 12 Hz.In addition to the influences of suspension offset and unsprung offset,the positions of hydrogen storage tank and fuel cell have the greatest influence on the cab vibration at 2-4 Hz and 9-12 Hz respectively,and the fuel cell vibration is most affected by its own mount stiffness.Other structures of the power system also have some influence on the above vibration.Taking installation space of power system and deformation of the mount as constraints,and position,substructure mount stiffness and damping of power system as optimization variables,a multi-objective optimization design including multi-frequency vibration of the cab and the RMS(root mean square)value of acceleration of the fuel cell was carried out.The optimization results show that the cab vibration at 4-12 Hz is reduced by 40%,fuel cell vibration is reduced by more than 45%under different vehicle speeds.Both the driving comfort and fuel cell vibration safety are improved significantly.

关 键 词：燃料电池动力系统 载重车 振动 动力学分析 舒适性 多目标优化 

分 类 号：TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论] U461.4[机械工程—车辆工程]