EMS诱变处理对洋葱种子萌发的影响及其变异表型的观察  

Effects of EMS Mutation Treatments on Seeds Germination and Observation of Variant Phenotypic of Onion

作　　者：李志萌 崔丽朋 万秀娟 梁毅 李晓杰 田朝辉 LI Zhimeng;CUI Lipeng;WAN Xiujuan;LIANG Yi;LI Xiaojie;TIAN Zhaohui(Zhengzhou Insitute of Agricultural Science and Technology,Zhengzhou,Henan 450015;Henan Facility Vegetable Engineering Technology Research Center,Zhengzhou,Henan 450015;Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097)

机构地区：[1]郑州市农业科技研究院,河南郑州450015 [2]河南省设施蔬菜工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450015 [3]北京市农林科学院,北京100097

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第18期1-6,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-23-G18)。

摘　　要：以中原地区洋葱主要品种“钻石红N3”种子为试材,采用不同浓度(0%~1.7%)的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和不同浸泡时长(6、9、12、14、15、16、18 h)进行诱变处理,分析EMS处理对洋葱种子发芽势、相对发芽势、发芽率及相对发芽率的影响,以确定洋葱EMS处理的最优条件,以期为选育具有自主知识产权的洋葱新品种提供参考依据。结果表明:随着EMS浓度(0%~1.7%)的提高,种子的发芽势、相对发芽势、发芽率和相对发芽率均呈逐渐降低趋势,与对照相比,差异均达极显著水平;在相同EMS浓度下,随着浸泡时间的延长(9、12、14、15、16、18 h),种子的发芽势和发芽率均显著降低;但当EMS处理时间为6 h、浓度为0.5%~1.7%和EMS处理时间为15 h、浓度为0.5%~0.8%时,洋葱种子的发芽率和相对发芽率与对照相比均有所提高,但差异均未达显著水平,说明在该范围内EMS处理起到促进作用,即低浓度或短时间的EMS处理对种子发芽有轻微促进作用。以半致死浓度作为诱变标准,洋葱诱变育种时,最终确定浓度1.7%、浸泡16 h为EMS诱变洋葱品种“钻石红N3”及构建突变体库的最佳条件。EMS诱变处理可导致洋葱幼苗发生变异,主要表现有幼苗黄化、叶管皱缩、茎基部不规则膨大等。The main onion variety‘Zuanshihong N3’seeds were used as test materials,and ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)with different concentrations(0%-1.7%)and different soaking times(6,9,12,14,15,16,18 hours)were used to analyze the effects of EMS treatments on the germination potential,relative germination potential,germination rate and relative germination rate of onion seeds,in order to determine the optimal conditions for onion EMS treatments,and the selection and breeding of new onion varieties with independent intellectual property rights.The results showed that the germination potential,relative germination potential,germination rate and relative germination rate in‘Zuanshihong N3’of onion were decreased,with increasing the EMS concentrations(0%-1.7%).The same EMS concentrations,the germination potential and germination rate of seeds were significantly reduced,with increasing soaking time at the same EMS concentrations.However,when the EMS treatments by 0.5%-1.7%for 6 hours and the treatments by 0.5%-0.8%for 15 hours,the germination rate and relative germination rate of onion seeds were increased compared with the control,but the difference didn′t reach a significant level,indicating that EMS treatments played a promoting role in this range.Low concentration or short time EMS treatments had a slight promotion effect on seed germination.Finally,the best conditions for mutagenesis of‘Zuanshihong N3’were treatment by soaking 1.7%EMS for 16 hours.EMS mutation of onion seedings,which mainly showed yellowing,leaf tube shrinkage,irregular expansion of stem base and soon.

关 键 词：洋葱 EMS诱变 突变 发芽率 

分 类 号：S633.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]