不同供钙水平下外源硅对辣椒生长及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Exogenous Silicon on Growth and Fruit Quality of Chili Peppers at Different Levels of Calcium Supply

作　　者：石玉[1] 王飞 张帆 王军娥[1] 张毅[1] 侯雷平[1] SHI Yu;WANG Fei;ZHANG Fan;WANG Jun′e;ZHANG Yi;HOU Leiping(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultral University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第18期16-23,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划资助项目(201903D221065);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(2024CYJSTX08)。

摘　　要：以辣椒品种“奥黛丽”为试材,采用基质盆栽的方式,设置4个不同供钙水平(1.5、1.0、0.5、0 mmol·L^(-1)Ca)和2个外源硅肥水平(1.5、0 mmol·L^(-1)Si),二者完全随机组合,共8个处理,研究了不同供Ca水平下施Si对辣椒生长及果实品质的影响,以期为设施辣椒优质高效肥料配施提供参考依据。结果表明:随供Ca水平的降低,辣椒幼苗的株高、茎粗与生物量积累逐渐下降,施加外源Si均不同程度促进了各水平下幼苗的生长;低Ca水平下,幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度及气孔导度均不同程度下降,施Si显著缓解了低Ca水平对辣椒光合作用的抑制;随着供Ca水平的降低,辣椒的果实产量显著降低8.15%~73.23%(P<0.05),施Si则不同程度缓解了低Ca对辣椒产量的抑制;随供Ca水平的降低,辣椒果实的营养物质含量逐渐下降,施Si则显著改善了低Ca下辣椒的果实品质。因此,供Ca水平的降低会显著抑制辣椒生长发育及光合作用,降低果实的品质及产量,施加外源Si均可不同程度缓解低Ca胁迫对辣椒的伤害。Taking the pepper variety‘Audrey’as the test material,four different levels of calcium supply(1.5,1.0,0.5,0 mmol·L^(-1) Ca)and two levels of exogenous silicon fertilizer(1.5,0 mmol·L^(-1) Si)were set up in pots in a completely randomized combination,and a total of eight treatments were carried out to study the effects of Si application on the growth and fruit quality of peppers at different Ca supply levels,in order to provide reference for high-quality and high-efficiency fertilizer allocation for peppers in facilities.The results showed that the plant height,stem thickness and biomass accumulation of pepper seedlings gradually decreased with the decrease of Ca supply level,and the application of exogenous Si promoted the growth of seedlings at different levels,the chlorophyll content,net photosynthesis rate,transpiration rate,inter-cellular CO_(2)concentration and stomatal conductance of seedling leaves decreased to different degrees at the low Ca level,and the application of Si significantly alleviated the inhibition of photosynthesis of peppers at the low Ca level.The inhibition of photosynthesis in pepper was significantly alleviated by applying Si.With the decreasing of Ca supply level,the fruit yield of pepper was significantly reduced by 8.15%-73.23%(P<0.05),while Si application alleviated the inhibition of low Ca on the yield of pepper to different degrees,and the nutrient content of pepper fruits was gradually decreased with the decrease of Ca supply level,while the application of Si significantly improved the quality of the fruits under the low Ca level.Therefore,the reduction of Ca supply level significantly inhibited the growth and development and photosynthesis of pepper,and reduced the comprehensive quality and yield of fruits,and the application of exogenous Si could alleviate the stress damage of pepper under low Ca to different degree.

关 键 词：供钙水平 外源硅 辣椒 生长 果实品质 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]